Herskowitz (1987) provided the classical definition of dominantnegative (DN) mutations as those leading to mutant polypeptides that disrupt the activity of the wild-type gene when overexpressed. Although Herskowitz’ definition referred basically to intralocus interactions, it is now recognized that interlocus (e.g., trans-acting) interactions can also lead to dominance (Omholt et al., 2000) and...

OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy (DN) remains undetermined, with both central and peripheral mechanisms implicated. This study investigates whether thalamic perfusion abnormalities occur in painful DN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighteen subjects with type 1 diabetes (no DN = 6, painful DN = 5, painless DN = 7) and six healthy volunteers (HV) were recruited. Microvas...

Carbonyl reductase (CBR) catalyzes the reduction of daunorubicin (DN) to its corresponding alcohol, daunorubicinol (DNOL), and changes the pharmacological properties of this cancer chemotherapeutic drug. The DN reductase associated with CBR reduces the C13 methyl ketone group and does not metabolize the quinone ring of DN. Reports comparing DN and DNOL toxicity have resulted in various conclusi...

[1] Site preference (SP), the difference in dN between the central and outer nitrogen atoms in N2O, is a powerful approach for apportioning fluxes of N2O from soils to nitrification and denitrification (Sutka et al., 2006). A critical aspect of the use of SP data to apportion sources of N2O to nitrification and denitrification is the need to evaluate data for isotope shifts that may have occurr...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with excess morbidity and mortality, in both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetic patients. Despite intensification of treatment, DN remains a growing problem worldwide [1–6]. In 2009, treatment of diabetic end stage renal disease patients accounted for approximately 40% of the US$43 billion expended for dialysis treatment in the United States New manag...