We have used whole cell patch clamp recording and immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of P2X(2/3) receptors in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons during late embryonic and early post-natal development. Neurons from E18 and P1 animals responded to the nicotinic agonist dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), and the purinoceptor agonists ATP and alpha,beta-meATP with sustained inwa...

The emission and mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) from high nitrogen (N) vegetable systems is not well understood. Nitrification inhibitors are widely used to decrease N2O emissions in many cropping systems. However, most N2O flux measurements and inhibitor impacts have been made with small chambers and have not been investigated at a paddock-scale using micrometeorological techniques. We quan...

To investigate the effect of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 3-methylpyrazole 1,2,4-triazole (3MP + TZ), on N2O emissions and yield from a typical vegetable rotation in sub-tropical Australia we monitored soil N2O fluxes continuously over an entire year using an automated greenhouse gas measurement system. The temporal variation of N2O fluxes showed only...

Lignin peroxidase (LiP) is an important enzyme for degrading aromatic hydrocarbons not only in nature but also in industry. In the presence of H₂O₂, this enzyme can easily decompose lignin and analogue compounds under mild conditions. In this reaction mechanism, LiP catalyzes the C-C cleavage of a propenyl side chain, being able to produce veratraldehyde (VAD) from 1-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl) pro...

Decreased synaptic transmission in parasympathetic ganglia contributes to abnormal parasympathetic function in heart failure (HF). Because nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChR) mediate synaptic transmission at the ganglion and upregulate in response to chronic exposure to agonist in vitro, we tested the hypothesis that repeated exposures of ganglionic neurons to a nAChR agonist can prevent a loss of ...

Spinach is rich in minerals, vitamins, phytochemicals and bioactive compounds with health-beneficial effects; however, this plant also tends to accumulate oxalates nitrates their leaves. Apart from genotype, nutrition the pre-harvest factor that mostly affects quality attributes at harvest. Particularly, application of compost extracts (CE) may induce resistance against soil-borne diseases favo...

We characterized the functional and molecular properties of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) expressed by IMR-32, a human neuroblastoma cell line, and compared them to human alpha3 AChRs expressed in stably transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. IMR-32 cells, like neurons of autonomic ganglia, have been shown to express alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, beta2, and beta4 AChR subunits. F...

This in vitro study tested the hypothesis that muscularis mucosae contractile activity contributes to rabbit colonic mucosal function by mechanisms other than simple mechanical deformation of the epithelium. Experiments were performed by using a technique that allows simultaneous recording of muscle activity and transmucosal potential difference, a measure of epithelial ion transport. ATP, brad...

Abstract Background Agriculture relies on the intensive use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers to maximize crop yields, which has led transformation agricultural soils into high-nitrifying environments. Nevertheless, nitrification inhibitors (NIs) have been developed suppress soil-nitrifier activity and decrease N losses. The NIs 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyraz...

The use of nitrification inhibitors could be an interesting alternative when applied to enhance nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency in annual crops such as cotton under tropical soil conditions. Thus, our aim was evaluate the inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) a typical by evaluating fate (N-NO3?, N-NH4+ and total N leached water), accumulation recovery plants soil. Leaching columns...