This study explores the phenomenon of chasm in the marketing process of discontinuous inno vations. Drawing on Moore’s concept of chasm crossing, an empirical analysis is performed using the data gathered from a survey of potential users of satellite DMB. First, the demand of satellite DMB is forecasted. Then, the demand changes in different innovation adopter groups are deter mined from the co...

Travel Demands influence micro-level traffic behavior, furthermore traffic states. In order to evaluate the effect of travel demands on traffic states, this paper introduces the DemandMotivation-Behaviors (DMB) micro traffic behavior analysis model which denotes that vehicles behaviors are determines by motivations that relies on traffic demands from the perspective of behavior science. For veh...

Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based drug development is gaining significant momentum following the recent FDA approval of Eteplirsen (an ASO based on phosphorodiamidate morpholino) and Spinraza (2'-O-methoxyethyl-phosphorothioate) in late 2016. Their attractiveness is mainly due to the backbone modifications which have improved the in vivo characteristics of oligonucleotide drugs. Another cla...

The transition metal complexes [Ru(dmb)3] and [Ru(dpb)3], where dmb is 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine and dpb is 4,4′-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridine, have been studied by femtosecond visible electronic absorption spectroscopy. Spectroelectrochemical measurements in conjunction with nanosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy allow for the assignment of various features in the excited-state differ...

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is required by humans and other organisms for diverse metabolic processes, although only a subset of prokaryotes is capable of synthesizing B12 and other cobamide cofactors. The complete aerobic and anaerobic pathways for the de novo biosynthesis of B12 are known, with the exception of the steps leading to the anaerobic biosynthesis of the lower ligand, 5,6-dimethylbenzi...

Trimethylamine (TMA) N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-microbiota-dependent metabolite, both enhances atherosclerosis in animal models and is associated with cardiovascular risks in clinical studies. Here, we investigate the impact of targeted inhibition of the first step in TMAO generation, commensal microbial TMA production, on diet-induced atherosclerosis. A structural analog of choline, 3,3-dimethyl-1-...

Homeoproteins of the Engrailed family are involved in the patterning of mesencephalic boundaries through a mechanism classically ascribed to their transcriptional functions. In light of recent reports on the paracrine activity of homeoproteins, including Engrailed, we asked whether Engrailed intercellular transfer was also involved in brain patterning and boundary formation. Using time-controll...

There has been considerable debate on the ability of Lactobacillus reuteri to produce the active form of vitamin B12. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of two wild type strains of Lactobacillus reuteri to produce α-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)-cobamidcyanide or cyanocobalamin which are the active form of vitamin B12. This was possible by supplying the required compounds of vitamin B12,...

Homeoproteins of the Engrailed family are involved in the patterning of mesencephalic boundaries through a mechanism classically ascribed to their transcriptional functions. In light of recent reports on the paracrine activity of homeoproteins, including Engrailed, we asked whether Engrailed intercellular transfer was also involved in brain patterning and boundary formation. Using time-controll...

A detailed deletion map of the CobII and CobIII regions of the cobalamin biosynthetic (cob) operon of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 has been constructed. The CobII region encodes functions needed for the synthesis of lower ligand 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB); CobIII encodes functions needed for the synthesis of the nucleotide loop that joins DMB to the corrin macrocycle. The genetic analysis of...