Scheduling in the painting facilities of automotive manufacturing plants is a complex process. The paint loss caused by machines continuously switching colours leads to significant costs. Optimising these schedules while assigning new jobs in real time and dealing with machine break downs is therefore an important issue in the truck painting problem. Previous successes in solving this problem w...

One of the hallmarks of human agglomeration is an increase in the division of labour, but the exact nature of this relationship has been debated among anthropologists, sociologists, economists, and historians and archaeologists. Over the last decade, researchers investigating contemporary urban systems have suggested a novel explanation for the links between the numbers of inhabitants in settle...

The paper empirically explores the international economic effects of gender discrimination, namely the linkages of gender inequality with comparative advantage (trade) and foreign direct investment flows. It discusses different forms and the extent of gender discrimination across countries and presents the results of empirical tests of those linkages. The results indicate that gender inequality...

During the recent decades, multitasking has become a more and more common phenomenon at workplaces. Rather than specializing in a job task, workers perform bundles of tasks. Bundling occurs when tasks are complements. Using individual-level data about job tasks, we analyze which tasks are complements. Such intrapersonal task complementarities limit the division of labour as complementary tasks ...

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the major changes in the patterns of the New International Division of Labour that have occurred during the past two decades. The paper takes as its starting point the seminal study of Frobel (1980) and his colleagues. The paper identifies three categories of changes to the NIDL: the changing spatial patterns of the division of labour over the past two de...

The design of knitted garments is an activity shared by knitwear designers (who are almost all young and female) and knitting machine technicians (who are almost all male and usually older). The process involves programming knitting machines using CAD systems, which are designed for and used by the technicians. The designers get much less training and access to the CAD systems than they want. T...

We determined whether there is an association between nutritional state (as indicated by stored abdominal lipid amounts) and division of labour in the honeybee, Apis mellifera. We found that foragers (typically older bees) had lower lipid amounts than did nurses (typically young bees). Results from experimental colonies that contained nurses and foragers of the same age showed that the lipid de...

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