Distance and size estimates and stereoacuity judgments were made in water by divers, both with and without facemasks. Without the mask, only stereoacuity was markedly degraded. Distance estimates were slightly more accurate, despite a great decrease in the range of visibility. Size estimates were slightly too small. Divers with refractive errors did not appear to be more handicapped than those ...

Conversational recommender systems adapt the sets of products they recommend in light of user feedback. Our contribution here is to devise and compare four different mechanisms for enhancing the diversity of the recommendations made by collaborative recommenders. Significantly, we increase diversity using collaborative data only. We find that measuring the distance between products using Hammin...

the emph{harary index} $h(g)$ of a connected graph $g$ is defined as $h(g)=sum_{u,vin v(g)}frac{1}{d_g(u,v)}$ where $d_g(u,v)$ is the distance between vertices $u$ and $v$ of $g$. the steiner distance in a graph, introduced by chartrand et al. in 1989, is a natural generalization of the concept of classical graph distance. for a connected graph $g$ of order at least $2$ and $ssubseteq v(g)$, th...

dna barcoding based on a standardized region of 648 base pairs of mitochondrial dnasequences from cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) is proposed for animal species identification.recent studies suggested that dna barcoding has been effective for identifying 94% of birdspecies. the proposed threshold of 10 times the average intraspecific variation could be used forthe identification and delimitation ...

background : episiotomy is the incision of perineum made to facilitate childbirth. here are the two types of episiotomy: median and mediolateral. considering the important role of incision characteristics such as length, angle and distance of initiation point from midperineum line in prevention of perineal rupture and reduction of further complications, this study investigated the comparison ep...

This paper presents a method for learning distance functions of arbitrary feature representations that is based on the concept of wormholes. We introduce wormholes and describe how it provides a method for warping the topology of visual representation spaces such that a meaningful distance between examples is available. Additionally, we show how a more general distance function can be learnt th...

Information distance has become an important tool in a wide variety of applications. Various types of information distance have been made over the years. These information distance measures are different from entropy metric, as the former is based on Kolmogorov complexity and the latter on Shannon entropy. However, for any computable probability distributions, up to a constant, the expected val...