background: it is claimed that the interaction of altering immune system bowel maturation, and measles vaccine predispose the body to inflammatory bowel diseasesalso it is proposed that breastmilk components during infancy, regulatemucosal immune activity to antigen and have protective role for ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease. materials and methods: this study was a case-control study. d...

male breast cancer is a rare disease with an increasing trend. due to limited information especially about the genetic basis of the disease in iran and the lower age of its onset, the disease requires more attention. the aim of this study was to screen the male patients with breast cancer for brca mutations as well as tissue markers of estrogen receptor (er), progesterone receptor (pr), human e...

background and objective:determination of her2 gene is crucial in breast carcinoma management and prognosis, as her2 alterations are linked to a shorter disease-free period, overall survival and resistance to tamoxifen anti-estrogen therapy and other chemotherapy regimens, regardless of the nodal or hormone receptor status. this study aimed to estimate her2 gene status of infiltrative mammary c...

introduction: breast cancers in the early phase frequently undergo distant metastasis and survival of patients is greatly dependent on distant metastasis. the occurrence of micrometastasis has been suggested to relate with prognostic features of breast cancer, such as lymph node metastasis and the presence of vascular invasion. the aim of this study was to examine the presence of keratin-19 mrn...

breast conservation surgery combined with radiation therapy is now an accepted option for the treatment of early breast cancer. so we decided to evaluate the results of such treatment in our first group of patients treated by this method. from 1992 to 1996 , one hundred patients with stage i and ii breast cancer treated with breast conservative surgery (lumpectomy or quadrantectomy). were irrad...

background and objective: breast cancer is the commonest cancer of indian women. estrogen and progesterone expression is seen in benign breast lesions and in breast carcinoma associated with good prognostic parameters and it correlates well with response to hormone therapy. although a lot of studies have been conducted in the past on hormone receptor expression in breast cancer and few have cor...

background: contralateral axillary metastasis (cam) is a rare entity in patients with breast cancer which can occur during the primary breast cancer or its follow-up. different treatment modalities include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but there is no agreement on them. in our review, we found 12 series with available data, 82 patients with synchronous or metachronous contralateral a...

background: sexual dysfunction in breast cancer patients is considered as a common and distressing problem. considering the increasing number of breast cancer survivors living for longer periods of time with the disease and the importance of their quality of life, we conducted the present study to compare the sexual functioning in breast cancer patients with their healthy counterparts. methods:...

Background and aims: The mortality rate for breast cancer is directly related to the stage of disease at diagnosis. The present study was aimed to determine the factors influencing on knowledge, attitudes, and practices in women with breast cancer and its screening methods. Methods: In a cross- sectional study, we evaluated 383 women who referred to healt...