Recent years have seen a resurgent interest in large scale input subsidies, and particularly fertilizer subsidies, in agricultural development and food security policies in Africa. Very high global grain prices in the first part of 2008 appeared to make such subsidies even more attractive, but this was complicated by even more dramatic rises in fertilizer prices. Global grain and fertiliser pri...

this paper estimates the trend of total energy subsidies from year 2003 (that is 16.68% of gdp) and running a model, predicts that energy subsidies will reach to 20% of gdp by 2019 if subsidies continue. also environmental damage costs of energy consumption have been entered the model (environmental cost-benefit analysis model: ecba model) in addition to the vast amounts of subsidies. so damage...

Abstract What capital allocation role can China’s stock market play? Counter to perception, prices in China have become as informative about future profits they are the US. This rise price informativeness has coincided with an increase investment efficiency among privately owned firms, suggesting is aggregating information and providing useful signals managers. However, for state-owned enterpri...

Direct subsidization of healthcare services has been widely used in many countries to improve health outcomes. It is commonly believed that the poor are the main beneficiaries from these subsidies. We test this hypothesis in Egypt by empirically analyzing the distribution of public healthcare subsidies using data from Egypt Demographic and Health Survey and Egypt National Health Accounts. To de...

—Subsidies to the fishing industry are common worldwide, and it is well accepted that these subsidies contribute to overcapacity in fishing fleets and overexploitation of fisheries resources. To date, however, most of the quantitative estimates of these subsidies reported in the literature have been at either the multicountry or global level. Estimates are rarely based on a detailed accounting ...

We set up a two-period model, where individuals finance educational investment and first-period consumption by borrowing against risky second-period labor income. We show that the government should use both education subsidies and capital taxation to mitigate distortions, stemming from social insurance through labor taxation, and we derive a Ramsey-rule for the optimal combination of these inst...

Subsidies from adjacent ecosystems can alter recipient food webs and ecosystem functions, such as herbivory. Emerging aquatic insects from streams can be an important prey in the riparian zone. Such aquatic subsidies can enhance predator abundances or cause predators to switch prey, depending on the herbivores. This can lead to an increase or decrease of in situ herbivores and herbivory. We exa...

BRIEF RAND research has found that subsidies in the Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) health insurance exchanges exert a stabilizing effect on the insurance market by encouraging younger, healthier people to stay enrolled in the face of premium hikes. This broadens the pool of insured individuals and helps keep costs down for all enrollees. Put another way, subsidies reduce the problem of adverse s...

Subsidized insurance premiums are present in nearly all public and some private insurance systems. Such subsidies are usually implemented to increase participation in the insurance program and to decrease the effects of adverse selection in the market. It has been argued that the increased demand for insurance due to subsidies also increases the market inefficiencies stemming from moral hazard ...