Direct measurement of xenobiotic (foreign) chemicals is not always feasible as an exposure assessment,--owing to rapid metabolism, sequestration into fatty tissues, or lack of suitable assay methods. Furthermore, suspect exposures often involve complex mixtures of organics. In these circumstances, indirect biomarkers of exposure can be most helpful. This paper reviews four urinary parameters th...

We estimate the economic impacts of having your home damaged or destroyed by a natural disaster. Regressions with individual, area and time fixed-effects, indicate that experiencing disaster has no impact on employment income, but substantial financial hardship risk aversion. Impacts are particularly large for smaller isolated disasters, which attract little government support. Conversely, resi...

The general methods used to complete measurements of human exposures are identified and illustrations are provided for the cases of indirect and direct methods used for exposure analysis. The application of the techniques for external measurements of exposure, microenvironmental and personal monitors, are placed in the context of the need to test hypotheses concerning the biological effects of ...

Two algorithms for learning dfa with membership queries are described. Both of them are based on Kearns and Vazirani’s version of Angluin’s L∗. Our algorithms tied in the third place in the Zulu competition.

The detection and quantification of long-range correlations in time series is a fundamental tool to characterize the properties of different dynamical systems, and is applied in many different fields, including physics, biology or engineering. Due to the diversity of applications, many techniques for measuring correlations have been designed. Here, we study systematically the influence of the l...

exposure to air pollutants is significantly associated with health risks ranging from bronchial reactivity to morbidity and mortality. however, the precise mechanisms are not always fully understood. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sulphur dioxide (so2) on cell viability and cytokine production of a549-human pulmonary epithelial cells. test atmospheres of so2 were genera...