In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, meiosis and spore formation as well as mating are controlled by mating-type genes. Diploids heterozygous for mating type (aalpha) can sporulate but cannot mate; homozygous aa and alpha-alpha diploids can mate, but cannot sporulate. From an alpha-alpha diploid parental strain, we have isolated mutants which have gained the ability to sporulate. Those mutants which co...

Autopolyploidy is a process whereby the chromosome set is multiplied and it is a common phenomenon in angiosperms. Autopolyploidy is thought to be an important evolutionary force that has led to the formation of new plant species. Despite its relevance, the consequences of autopolyploidy in plant metabolism are poorly understood. This study compares the metabolic profiles of natural diploids an...

Triploid molluscs grow significantly faster than diploids in most species studied so far, a phenomenon that has been referred to as triploid gigantism. Three hypotheses have been proposed, attributing triploid gigantism to sterility, increased heterozygosity, or cell size. Testing the heterozygosity hypothesis, the authors measured the body size and allozyme heterozygosity in Ž . Ž . three repl...

Allotetraploid cotton species (Gossypium) belong to a 1–2 million year old lineage that reunited diploid genomes that diverged from each other 5–10 million years ago. To characterize genome evolution in the diploids and allotetraploids, comparative RFLP mapping was used to construct genetic maps for the allotetraploids (AD genome; n = 26) and diploids (A and D genomes; n = 13). Comparisons amon...

Predicting adaptive evolutionary trajectories is a primary goal of evolutionary biology. One can differentiate between forward and backward predictability, where forward predictability measures the likelihood of the same adaptive trajectory occurring in independent evolutions and backward predictability measures the likelihood of a particular adaptive path given the knowledge of starting and fi...

Amana Honda (Liliaceae), known as ‘east Asian tulips’, is a spring ephemeral genus endemic to Sino-Japanese Floristic Subregion, mainly distributed in eastern and central China, Japan the Korean peninsula. Chromosome numbers are reported here for first time from 89 populations of (representing all seven accepted species, two new species about be published, suspected species). Three ploidy level...

Abstract Grass nitrogen (N) concentrations of dairy grasslands are higher on peat soil than mineral soils. This can lead to increased N losses air and water from farming systems Our hypothesis was that the use low-N perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) genotypes could be a means lower grass concentrations, when grown objective determine whether populations with different shoot tissue recorde...

Abstract Red sea bream Pagrus major is extremely important in the aquaculture of Japan. The breeding red bream, which has a history more than half century, can be divided into three main categories. first selective breeding. Aquaculture Research Institute, Kindai University, began fast-growing breams early 1960s through mass selection. I summarized results selection and characteristics fish 199...