Currently, there are three Hib conjugate vaccines licensed in Canada for use in infants 2 months of age and older. The Bureau of Biologics recently approved two new vaccine products that allow single-needle administration of (a) polyribose ribitol phosphate-tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) with diphtheria toxoid-pertussis vaccine-tetanus toxoid-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DPT-IPV), and (b) oligosacch...

Preconditioning the immune system with a tetanus/diphtheria toxoid significantly improved the effectiveness of dendritic cell immunotherapy and extended overall survival in a small, randomized study of patients with glioblastoma.

During last decades, diphtheria has remained as a serious disease that still outbreaks and can occur worldwide. Recently, new vaccine delivery systems have been developed by using the biodegradable and biocompatible polymers such as alginate. Alginate nanoparticles as a carrier with adjuvant and prolong release properties that enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines. In this study diphtheria tox...

Diphtheria Toxin (DT) was the first investigated bacterial protein toxin. As one of the most extensively studied bacterial protein toxins, it has served as a model system for the analysis of other protein toxins (Pappenheimer, 1977). As reviewed by Pappenheimer, Loeffler identified Corynebacterium diphtheriae as the causative agent of diphtheria in 1884, and the toxin was first described in the...

BACKGROUND Local reactions are the most commonly reported adverse events following tetanus and diphtheria toxoid (Td) vaccine and the risk of local reactions may increase with number of prior Td vaccinations. METHODS To estimate the risk of medically attended local reactions following Td vaccination in adolescents and young adults we conducted a six-year retrospective cohort study assessing 4...

Formalin induces a considerable change in meningococcus culture filtrates. This consists of a marked decrease in toxidty as concerns both the Shwartzman phenomenon and the lethal effect, with relative preservation of the antibody-combining capacity and antigenicity. A similar modification occurs spontaneously in meningococcus culture filtrates on standing. Inasmuch as these changes parallel tho...

BACKGROUND Because of reduced vaccination programs, the number of diphtheria infections has increased in the last decade. Diphtheria toxin (DT) is expressed by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and is responsible for the lethality of diphtheria. DT inhibits cellular protein synthesis by ADP-ribosylation of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). No in vitro system for the quantification of DT enzy...

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, is often associated with an antecedent factor, such as an infection, surgery, systemic malignancy, or vaccination. The first case of GBS following a vaccination with combined tetanus-diphtheria toxoid is reported.