The bacterial isolate Paracoccus sp. strain FLN-7 hydrolyzes amide pesticides such as diflubenzuron, propanil, chlorpropham, and dimethoate through amide bond cleavage. A gene, ampA, encoding a novel arylamidase that catalyzes the amide bond cleavage in the amide pesticides was cloned from the strain. ampA contains a 1,395-bp open reading frame that encodes a 465-amino-acid protein. AmpA was ex...

Concern over reported honeybee (Apis mellifera spp.) losses has highlighted chemical exposure as a risk. Current laboratory oral toxicity tests in A. mellifera spp. use short-term, maximum 96 hour, exposures which may not necessarily account for chronic and cumulative toxicity. Here, we use extended 240 hour (10 day) exposures to examine seven agrochemicals and trace environmental pollutant tox...

In multiresidue analysis, as the complexity of matrix increases, matrix co-extractives might co-elute and interfere with the detection of target analytes, and thereby result in false positives and erroneous quantifications. This paper aims to evaluate the combination of enhanced mass resolution and concurrent selectivity and sensitivity in analyzing a complex mixture of 341 pesticides in grape,...

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayma, is one of the most important pests in citrus production. The objective of this study was to evaluate D. citri resistance management with three insecticide rotations and compare them with no rotation and an untreated check. The different insecticides (modes of action) tested were: dimethoate, imidacloprid, diflubenzuron, abamectin 3% + thiameth...

Article history: Received 13 October 2013 Received in revised form 10 December 2013 Accepted 12 December 2013 Available online 1 February 2014

This study was performed to find the best experimental conditions for the electrochemical removal of the insecticide dimethoate (C5H12NO3PS2) from aqueous solutions using a lead dioxide niobium anode. The process was studied under galvanostatic polarisation mode. The influence of applied current density (10–50 mA·cm–2), initial chemical oxygen demand COD0 (100–550 mg·l –1), temperature (30–70°C...

Mixture toxicity of similar- and dissimilar-acting toxicants can be predicted by the models concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) using single substance toxicity data. Knowledge of the toxicants mode of action is thus required in order to use the models. In order to test the predictive capability of the models, we conducted Daphnia magna 48 h immobilization experiments with th...

Cytoxan, a cyclic phosphamide ester of nitrogen mustard, was tested for tumor-inhibiting activity in the transplantable human tumor-rat host experimental chemotherapy systems with the use of the sarcoma II.S. #1 and the epidermoid carcinoma II.Ep. #:3. The compound inhibited the growth of both tumors when the initial dose was given s hours after tumor transplantation, by the intraperitoneal or ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of 3-year phased bans of the pesticides dimethoate and fenthion in 2008-2010, and paraquat in 2009-2011, on suicide mortality in Sri Lanka. METHODS Age-standardised overall, sex-specific, and method-specific suicide rates were calculated using Sri Lankan police data (1989-2015). Using negative binomial regression models, we estimated the change in the rate ...

Fast identification of pesticide residue level in lettuce leaves plays a key role in the test of food safety. In order to identify the different concentrations pesticide residues of lettuce leaves in a fast and nondestructive way, the hyperspectra coupled with chlorophyll fluorescence spectra was used in this research. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify the microstructu...