If we are keen to boost the process of language learning, we need to study every aspect and component of our course. To this end, we carry out an investigation in which every detail of the course is put under microscope. Assessment of a course is an attempt in which different type of information is gathered systematically in order to study the working of a language instruction program. Certainl...

In the transformation semigroup (X, S) we introduce the height of a closed nonempty invariant subset of X, define the transformed dimension of nonempty subset S of X and obtain some results and relations.

agricultural products have a main role in nonoil exports. pistachio is one of the country's mostimportant export products. thus, this study is aimed at evaluating and identifying pistachiomarketing in rafsanjan which is carried out in 2011. this is applied study and its methodology iscorrelation. the statistical population was 120 agricultural extension experts of rafsanjantownship were studied...

Recent research has shown that interstate rival adversaries account for most interstate conflict, and that militarized relations between rivals become more conflictual as the adversaries accumulate longer histories of conflict. The existing research on rivalry, though, has focused almost exclusively on militarized relations between rivals; little is known about non-militarized or cooperative re...

We address the question of equivalence between modeling results obtained on intra-individual and inter-individual levels of psychometric analysis. Our focus is on the concept of measurement invariance and the role it may play in this context. We discuss this in general against the background of the latent variable paradigm, complemented by an operational demonstration in terms of a linear state...

On the basis of general considerations, we propose a Langevin equation accounting for critical phenomena occurring in the presence of two symmetric absorbing states. We study its phase diagram by mean-field arguments and direct numerical integration in physical dimensions. Our findings fully account for and clarify the intricate picture known so far from the aggregation of partial results obtai...

When string or M theory is compactified to lower dimensions, the U-duality symmetry predicts so-called exotic branes whose higher-dimensional origin cannot be explained by the standard string or M-theory branes. We argue that exotic branes can be understood in higher dimensions as nongeometric backgrounds or U folds, and that they are important for the physics of systems which originally contai...