The digit span test was employed in the original Binet-Simon2 tests and has since been employed in the different revisions of the Binet by somewhat shifting the age norms. The Binet tests use the forward and backward reproduction of digits. Humpstone3 employed the group test method necessitating the immediate written reproduction of a series of digits presented at the rate of about 6 digits per...

Background: Airport workers are continuously exposed to different levels of radiofrequency microwave (RF/MW) radiation emitted by radar equipments. Radars are extensively used in military and aviation industries. Over the past several years, our lab has focused on the health effects of exposure to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as cellular phones, mobile base stations, mobile ...

Short-term memory was assessed in two groups of amnesic patients. Six patients had confirmed or suspected damage to the hippocampal formation, and six patients had diencephalic damage as a result of alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. Verbal short-term memory was evaluated with seven separate administrations of the standard digit span test in order to obtain a precise measure of short-term memory. ...

Two distinctly different maturational processes - cortical thinning and white matter maturation - take place in the brain as we mature from late childhood to adulthood. To what extent does each contribute to the development of complex cognitive functions like working memory? The independent and joint contributions of cortical thickness of regions of the left fronto-parietal network and the diff...

BACKGROUND Binge drinking (BD) is prevalent among college students. Studies on alcoholism have shown that the prefrontal cortex is vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol. The prefrontal cortex undergoes both structural and functional changes during adolescence and young adulthood. Sex differences have been observed in brain maturation and in alcohol-induced damage. The objective of the...

The effects of incentive and preparation on performance and classification accuracy of standard and malingering-specific tests were investigated in a simulation study using a 2 (no incentive vs. a $20 incentive) x 2 (immediate vs. delayed preparation) factorial design. Eighty undergraduate students and 15 individuals with traumatic brain injury were administered standard (viz., Digit Span and V...

BACKGROUND Greater educational attainment is associated with better neurocognitive health in older adults and is thought to reflect a measure of cognitive reserve. In vivo neuroimaging tools have begun to identify the brain systems and networks potentially responsible for reserve. METHODS We examined the relationship between education, a commonly used proxy for cognitive reserve, and N-acetyl...

This paper presented two complex span tasks in Persian as measures of working memory capacity (WMC). Firstly, the construct of working memory (WM) and possible WM measures that could assess this construct efficiently were critically reviewed. Accordingly, as measures of domain-general components of WM, a reading span task and an operation span task which were documented to assess this construct...

This study examined two possible sources of individual differences in crosslanguage speech perception, the capacity to phonologically encode speech and short-term memory span. Phonological coding was defined as the ability to encode non-native contrasts as distinct phonemes based on representations in long-term memory. Short-term memory was defined as a fixed capacity regulating the extent of e...