Karatsuba’s multiplication algorithm uses three singledigit multiplications to perform one two-digit multiplication. If we apply Karatsuba’s multiplier recursively, it takes only 3 single-digit multiplications to multiply a pair of 2-digit numbers. This is a significant improvement compared to 4 single-digit multiplications using grade-school multiplier. In this paper, we will use tensor produc...

Three experiments examined the effects of task switching and response correspondence in a psychological refractory period paradigm. A letter task (vowel-consonant) and a digit task (odd-even) were combined to form 4 possible dual-task pairs in each trial: letter-letter, letter-digit, digit-digit, and digit-letter. Foreknowledge of task transition (repeat or switch) and task identity (letter or ...

33 Humans adjust digit forces to compensate for trial-to-trial variability in digit placement 34 during object manipulation, but the underlying control mechanisms remain to be determined. We 35 hypothesized that such digit position/force coordination was achieved by both visually guided 36 feed-forward planning and haptic based feedback control. The question arises about the time 37 course of t...

Continuous digit recognition over the telephone channel is a key technology for many telecommuncations applications such as voice dialing, automatic banking, and credit card number entry. Speech recognizers usually acheive high performance by modeling the acoustics in Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) using large numbers of multivariate Gaussian mixtures with assumed diagonal covariance in order to m...

Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which regulates proliferation in many contexts, functions as a limb morphogen to specify a distinct pattern of digits. How Shh's effects on cell number relate to its role in specifying digit identity is unclear. Deleting the mouse Shh gene at different times using a conditional Cre line, we find that Shh functions to control limb development in two phases: a very transient...

Signed digit number systems provide the possibility of constant-time addition, where inter-digit carry propagation is eliminated. Carry-free addition for signed digit number systems is primarily a three-step process. However, the special case of maximally redundant signed digit number systems leads to more efficient carry-free addition. This has been previously achieved by speculative computati...

Suppressed Digit Span performance has been proposed as an embedded indicator for suboptimal effort detection in neuropsychological evaluations in Western societies, particularly in the USA. However, its effectiveness in Chinese countries remains unexplored. The purposes of this study were first to explore normative Digit Span performance patterns between the Taiwan and American standardization ...