to diffuisive and turbulent vapor flux in the external air, a similar diffusive resistance which results from the internal leaf geometry, inclusive of the stomlata, and1 parallel to the latter, a resistance to vapor diffusion1 throu-gh the cuticle. In contrast. the last 2 resistances do not exist in the evaporation froml an open water sturface or a moist blotter paper. The resistanice in these ...

We investigate the macroscopic diffusion of carriers in the multiple-trapping (MT) regime, in relation with electron transport in nanoscaled heterogeneous systems, and we describe the differences, as well as the similarities, between MT and the continuous-time random walk (CTRW). Diffusion of free carriers in MT can be expressed as a generalized continuity equation based on fractional time deri...

A mathematical model of ascending Henle limb (AHL) epithelium has been fashioned using kinetic representations of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2), KCC4, and type 3 Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3), with transporter densities selected to yield the reabsorptive Na+ flux expected for rat tubules in vivo. Of necessity, this model predicts fluxes that are higher than those measured in vitro. The kinetics o...

In the process of crossflow microfiltration, a deposit of cake layer tends to form on the membrane, which usually controls the performance of filtration. However it is found that there exists a condition under which no deposit of cake layer is made. This condition is called the subcritical flux condition and the maximum flux in the condition here is called the critical flux. Which means, it is ...

The limits imposed on diffusive shock acceleration by upstream ion-neutral Alfvén wave damping, and by ionisa-tion and Coulomb losses of low energy particles, are calculated. Analytic solutions are given for the steady upstream wave ex-citation problem with ion-neutral damping and the resulting escaping upstream flux calculated. The time dependent problem is discussed and numerical solutions pr...

Conventional hemodialysis, which is based on the diffusive transport of solutes, is the most widely used renal replacement therapy. It effectively removes small solutes such as urea and corrects fluid, electrolyte and acid-base imbalance. However, solute diffusion coefficients decreased rapidly as molecular size increased. Because of this, middle and large molecules are not removed effectively ...

We consider scalar hyperbolic conservation laws with a nonconvex flux, in one space dimension. Then, weak solutions of the associated initial-value problems can contain undercompressive shock waves. We regularize the hyperbolic equation by a parabolic-elliptic system that produces undercompressive waves in the hyperbolic limit regime. Moreover we show that in another limit regime, called capill...

Wetlands are significant sources of atmospheric methane. Methane produced by microbes enters roots and escapes to the atmosphere through the shoots of emergent wetland plants. Herbivorous birds graze on helophytes, but their effect on methane emission remains unknown. We hypothesized that grazing on shoots of wetland plants can modulate methane emission from wetlands. Diffusive methane emission...