Collective bargaining in Germany takes place at either industry or firm level. As in the majority of OECD countries, collective bargaining coverage is much higher than union density. Not all employees in a covered firm are necessarily covered. This institutional setup suggests to explicitly distinguish union density in a labor market segment, coverage at the firm level, and coverage at the indi...

Analysts need to do a better job of characterizing climate “surprises” — the low-probability but high-consequence scenarios — that are driving much of the international concern about climate change. Currently, most analyses rely on models or projections that assume “smooth behavior” — i.e., the climate responds slowly and predictably, gradually warming as atmospheric GHG concentrations increase...

In this work, the problem of Rayleigh wave propagation is considered in the context of the theory of thermoelastic diffusion. The formulation is applied to a homogeneous isotropic thermoelastic half space with mass diffusion at the stress free, isothermal, isoconcentrated boundary. Using the potential functions and harmonic wave solution, three coupled dilatational waves and a shear wave is obt...

Recent atmospheric neutrino data by Superkamiokande [1–3] provide strong evidence for neutrino oscillations. It has been shown [1–3] that atmospheric neutrino data favor νμ ↔ ντ oscillations with maximal mixing, rather than νμ ↔ νe. However, νμ disappearance alone does not imply uniquely a νμ ↔ ντ solution and there is another solution νμ ↔ νs, where νs denotes a sterile neutrino. In this talk ...

Seasonal prediction with dynamical models of El Niño events, and the associated changes in the Southern Oscillation and atmospheric circulation, has been an area of intense interest and effort for more than two decades. The early experimental forecasts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events (Cane and Zebiak 1985; Cane et al. 1986; Zebiak and Cane 1987; Battisti and Hirst 1989; Kleeman 19...

Empirical studies at a firmor sector-level suggest that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increase wage dispersion by positively impact high skill wages. We contribute to the literature by examining the issue of FDI and wages on a large matched Swedish employer-employee data-set. Results suggest that foreign owned multinational firms (MNCs) tend to pay relatively high-skill wages, especially in c...

[1] New measurements of the carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratios of methane (dC of CH4 and dD of CH4) over the last millennium are presented from the WAIS Divide, Antarctica, ice core (WDC05A), showing significant changes that likely were the result of human influences prior to the industrial revolution (at least as early as the 16th century of the common era (CE)). The dC of CH4 data corroborat...

the transport properties of liquids and gases through polymeric materialsplay a very important role in some areas of industrial applications. in thisstudy, natural rubber (nr)/caco3 composites were prepared by melt mixingmethod. by equilibrium swelling test, the transport process of toluene in the prepared natural rubber composites was investigated. the diffusion and transport of toluene throug...

Recent anthropogenic emissions of key atmospheric trace gases (e.g. CO2 and CH4) which absorb infra-red radiation may lead to an increase in mean surface temperatures and potential changes in climate. Although sources of each gas have been evaluated independently, little attention has focused on potential interactions between gases which could influence emission rates. In the current experiment...

We discuss the final results of the MACRO experiment on atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The data concern event topologies with average neutrino energies of ∼ 3 and ∼ 50 GeV. Multiple Coulomb Scattering of the high energy muons was used to estimate the neutrino energy event by event. The angular distributions, the L/Eν distribution, the particle ratios and the absolute fluxes all favor νμ → ν...