We used well-defined, fluorescence-free Raman spectra of single silk fibres to study silk ultrastructure. Major ampullate (MA) silk was reeled from the Araneus diadematus spider under controlled conditions. With a custom-built stress-strain gauge, we examined the mechanical properties of this silk both before and after supercontraction in a range of solvents. The solvents were found to modify t...

The potential of room-temperature molten salts (ionic liquids) as solvents for electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells has been investigated during the last decade. The non-volatility, good solvent properties and high electrochemical stability of ionic liquids make them attractive solvents in contrast to volatile organic solvents. Despite this, the relatively high viscosity of ionic liquids...

To overcome the well-established drawbacks of conventional organic solvents (toxicity, non-biodegradability, flammability, accumulation in the atmosphere) remarkable research efforts have been recently devoted to the replacement of traditional organic reaction media by the so-called Green Solvents. In this sense, the choice of a safe, non-toxic, biorenewable and cheap reaction media is a crucia...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate three common gutta-percha solvents' effectiveness in dissolving three different types of root canal sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The solubility of three different root canal sealers (AH Plus, Apexit Plus and Endoflas FS) was assessed in xylene, refined orange oil, tetrachloroethylene and distilled water (control). One-hundred t...

Solvent sensitive organic/inorganic hybrid one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) were prepared through alternating thin films of poly methyl methacrylate-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PMMA-co-PHEMA-co-PEGDMA) and titania nanoparticle sol by spincoating. Since the titania layer has a higher refractive index compared with the polymer layer, an obvious photoni...

The thermal stability of horseradish peroxidase suspensions was studied in three organic solvents of different hydrophobicity (dodecane, octane, and 1-octanol) at three different water contents (14.1, 55.3 and 256.2 mg water g dry protein). In these conditions, the enzyme is much more stable than in aqueous solutions (inactivation temperatures were in the range of 125–1508C). The enzyme showed ...

Chelating ligands incorporating both N-[1-alkylpyridin-4(1H)-ylidene]amide (PYA) and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) donor sites were prepared and used for the synthesis of ruthenium(II) complexes. Cyclic voltammetry, NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy of the complexes indicate a solvent-dependent contribution of the limiting resonance structures associated with the ligand in solution. The neutral pyrid...

Subtilisin and alpha-chymotrypsin vigorously act as catalysts in a variety of dry organic solvents. Enzymatic transesterifications in organic solvents follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and the values of V/Km roughly correlate with solvent's hydrophobicity. The amount of water required by chymotrypsin and subtilisin for catalysis in organic solvents is much less than needed to form a monolayer o...

background: solvents, which are widely used in industry, are able to dissolve another substance for creating a solution. solvents have various effects on human health based on their type and chemical composition. methods: this was a cross-sectional study to investigate the harmful effects of solvents on wood painters in yazd city. to achieve information, a census questionnaire was prepared and ...