We have demonstrated the fabrication of long period gratings in random hole optical fibers. The long period gratings are fabricated by a point-by-point technique using a CO(2) laser. The gratings with a periodicity of 450 μm are fabricated and a maximum coupling efficiency of -9.81 dB has been achieved. Sensing of different refractive indices in the surrounding mediums is demonstrated by applyi...

Non–dissipative mediums with both simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability were first investigated by Veselago [1] in 1968. These mediums support electromagnetic wave propagation in which the phase velocity is antiparallel to the direction of energy flow, and other unusual electromagnetic effects such as the reversal of the Doppler effect and Cerenkov radiation. After the publicati...

Commercial food packages may contain multiple messages. Packaging designers try to integrate all messages into a coherent design. Designers use text, images or stylistic features, but these mediums differ in their suitability communicate specific product benefits. To evaluate the usefulness and effectiveness of three mediums, we not only obtained consumer evaluations packaging designs, also mon...

biomonitoring is the main way to assess the pollution status in aquatic ecosystems where biomarkers response is used at different levels of trace contaminants on the aquatic organisms. recently, many investigations have been focused to the genotoxic biomarker in aquatic ecosystems owing to mutagen effects of the contaminant on such environment. however, one of the fundamental problems in this a...

There have been important changes in the United Kingdom’s (UK) fertility and immigration in the past decade, with a large share contributed by migrants from Poland. A detailed understanding of Polish migrant fertility is lacking, however, because the relevant data are not routinely collected. This paper provides new insights into the fertility patterns of Polish migrants in the UK, and compares...

In this paper, we examine the weak deflection angle and greybody bound for magnetized regular black hole.$~$ For purpose, apply Gauss-Bonnet theorem on hole obtain in plasma non-plasma mediums.$~$ Moreover, investigate graphically effect of impact parameter both mediums. We that goes to infinity when approaches zero. also observe shows negative behaviour at $q=0.6$ $q=2.09$ but $0.6<q<2.09$, po...

Contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) of two dyes, weak acid brilliant red B and weak acid flavine G, was investigated under different concentrations, temperature and mediums. From the variation of their concentration with the reaction time, it was demonstrated that the oxidation would be a first-order reaction. On the base line of UV spectra of solution in the degradation process, we dedu...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different parameters on exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens using seawater as a basal medium. For this purpose, the effect of carbon (sucrose, molasses, paraffin and sunflower oil) and nitrogen sources, NaCl concentration, incubation time, pH as well as seawater dilution or enrichment with disti...