We'll review the study of Galois deformations. Here's the setup. Let G be a pro nite group, and let ρ : G→ GLn(k) be a representation of G over a nite eld k of characteristic p. Let Λ be a complete DVR with residue eld k, and let CΛ denote the category whose objects are artinian local Λ-algebras with residue eld k, and whose morphisms are local homomorphisms. Let ĈΛ denote the category of compl...

A surface energy-based mechanism for expansion in cement systems susceptible to Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) is proposed. The volume change behavior of nanoporous materials filled with impregnants and exposed to water vapor (considered analogous to the DEF situation) is described. The relevance of expansion due to Bangham swelling and dissolution phenomena is explained. The role of microc...

This paper describes the synthesis of a new typeof nanowires, potassium tetracyanoplatinate sesquihydrate Krogmann salt or K(def )TCP. Seed-mediated electrocrystallization nucleates and confines the K(def )TCP crystals into nanowires. Our data show that the width of K(def )TCP scales proportionally with the diameter of the seed, which is consistent with the nanoconfinement effect of the seed. K...

objective(s) phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (pap) catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to yield pi and  diacylglycerol. two different forms of pap in rat hepatocyte have been reported. pap1 is located in cytosolic and microsomal fractions and participates in the synthesis of triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas the other form of phosphatid...

Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) and Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (AAR) are both endogenous swelling processes that can affect concrete. They lead to a decrease of the mechanical properties, cracking and unexpected deformations and thus induce severe concerns in terms of structural integrity for affected structures. This paper describes an experimental investigation concerning the mechanical eff...

interpretation: Domains and surroundings. Abstract interpretation is a general theory for specifying and designing approximate semantics of program languages [10]. Approximation can be equivalently formulated either in terms of Galois connections or closure operators [11]. An upper closure operator ρ : C → C on a poset C (uco(C ) for short), representing concrete objects, is monotone, idempoten...

Let F be a function. We say that F is uncurrying if and only if the conditions (Def. 1) are satisfied. (Def. 1)(i) For every set x such that x ∈ domF holds x is a function yielding function, and (ii) for every function f such that f ∈ domF holds F (f) = uncurry f. We say that F is currying if and only if the conditions (Def. 2) are satisfied. (Def. 2)(i) For every set x such that x ∈ domF holds...

The effects of disodium fumarate on microbial growth, CH4 production and fermentation of three diets differing in their forage content (800, 500 and 200 g/kg DM) by rumen micro-organisms in vitro were studied using batch cultures. Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep. Disodium fumarate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4 and 8 mm-fumarate,...

The mechanism of fumarate reduction in Geobacter sulfurreducens was investigated. The genome contained genes encoding a heterotrimeric fumarate reductase, FrdCAB, with homology to the fumarate reductase of Wolinella succinogenes and the succinate dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis. Mutation of the putative catalytic subunit of the enzyme resulted in a strain that lacked fumarate reductase activ...

Deibel, R. H. (American Meat Institute Foundation, Chicago, Ill.), and M. J. Kvetkas. Fumarate reduction and its role in the diversion of glucose fermentation by Streptococcus faecalis. J. Bacteriol. 88:858-864. 1964.-Fumarate diverts the normal fermentation of glucose by Streptococcus faecalis FB82, as shown by the production of increased amounts of CO(2), formate, acetate, and acetoin, and de...