Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and electrolyte excretion were studied in 17 patients subjected to salt depletion and loading. Salt depletion led to maximal renal salt conservation with the average GFR and RPF slightly decreased. Salt loading produced increased excretion of sodium and chloride with the average GFR and RPF slightly increased. Since the decreased electr...

During chronic increased dietary sodium intake, arterial baroreceptors buffer against sustained increases in arterial pressure, and renal sympathoinhibition contributes importantly to the maintenance of sodium balance by decreasing renal tubular sodium reabsorption and increasing urinary sodium excretion. The present study examined the effect of arterial baroreceptor denervation on sodium balan...

Dietary electrolyte balance is the equilibrium of monovalent cations and anions that influence acid-base feed (dEB = Na + K ? Cl, mEq kg?1). electrolytes/minerals can physiological changes during smoltification in Atlantic salmon. In this context, we aimed to study if dEB freshwater feeds be used pre-adapt hypoosmotic functionality associated effects on mineral metabolism. The commercial salmon...

The tissues of insects are bathed freely in haemolymph, and the relationship between the ionic composition of the blood and the tissues has proved a fruitful field of research. In particular, much work has been done on the mechanisms of nerve-impulse conduction (see Narahashi, 1963) and osmoregulation (see Shaw & Stobbart, 1963) in relation to ion levels in the blood. Insect haemolymph is physi...

The importance of angiotensin II in the regulation of water and electrolyte balance in sheep is questionable. In this trial the effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor were quantified in sheep on restricted water intake. Comparing the phase of water restriction only with that of water restriction plus ACE inhibition, significant increases were observed during the latter phas...

To evaluate quantitatively the importance of aldosteronism in the maintenance of sodium balance and arterial blood pressure during sodium depletion, dogs were subjected to 2 weeks of dietary sodium restriction first while intact and, subsequently, after adrenalectomy, while continuously infused with basal ("sodium-replete") amounts of aldosterone and cortisol. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was r...

In two experiments the potential value of diets based on casein or free amino acids (FAA) for amino acid utilization experiments were examined. In Expt 1 the optimum dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) for a casein-based diet was estimated by supplemention with 10 or 20 g NaHCO3/kg, to produce diets containing 64, 183 or 302 mmol/kg. In addition, piglet growth performance and efficiency of nutrie...

Hyponatremia is an electrolyte disorder frequently observed in several clinical settings and common in hospitalized patients with decompensated heart failure (HF). It is caused by deregulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) homeostasis associated with water retention in hypervolemic or in euvolemic states. While hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia is also seen in advanced liver cirrhosis, renal ...

The material balance used previously in one-dimensional mathematical models of porous electrodes is invalid when there is a nonzero volume change associated with the reaction. It is shown here how the material balance should be modified either to account for a loss in volume, or to account for an inflow of electrolyte from the header into the active pores. A one-dimensional mathematical model i...