Southern California caged layer operations were visited over 3 yr. Northern fowl mites from 26 field populations were tested for acaricide resistance using a capillary pipette and glass dish bioassay. One was a susceptible field population with no pesticide exposure for over 30 yr (reference site for resistance ratio calculation). Technical and commercial formulations of malathion, carbaryl (Se...

The greatest challenge in environmental toxicology is to understand the effects of mixture toxicity as environmental pollutants co-exist and exhibit combined effects. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the mixture toxicity associated with two or more co-existing compounds. Pesticides are widely used to control pest, they are ubiquitous in nature and present in all environmental components. Pesti...

A rapid, sensitive and enzyme-based optical biosensor was applied for the determination of seven organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), including the oxo forms (malaoxon, paraoxon, dibrom, and dichlorvos), the thio forms (malathion and parathion) and the mixed form (demeton) in Panax ginseng. The principal of the proposed method is that the fluorescence quenching effect of quantum dots (QDs) can b...

The toxicity of dichlorvos (DDVP), an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, classically results from modification of the serine in the active sites of cholinesterases. However, DDVP also forms adducts on unrelated targets such as transferrin and albumin, suggesting that DDVP could cause perturbations in cellular processes by modifying noncholinesterase targets. Here we identify novel DDVP-modified ta...

Data from an in-person interview study of 622 white men with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 1245 population-based controls in Iowa and Minnesota were used to measure the risk associated with farming occupation and specific agricultural exposures. Men who ever farmed were at slightly elevated risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (odds ratio = 1.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.0-1.5) that wa...

Ex vivo conversion of the anti-influenza drug oseltamivir to its active metabolite can be inhibited by the esterase inhibitor dichlorvos or by using commercial fluoride-oxalate tubes. Oseltamivir and its active metabolite remain intact in plasma samples during a proposed virus heat inactivation step: incubation at 60 degrees C for 45 min.

A test method is described for the measurement, under standard conditions, of the amount of dichlorvos (00-dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate) vapour emitted from insecticide slow-release units. Specimen results, obtained under these conditions, are given for the outputs of several types of unit during the initial 14-d period when output is greatest, with corresponding values for the concentr...

Plasma cholinesterase and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activities have a long history of use in monitoring both workers at risk of organophosphorus pesticide (OP) exposure and in investigating accidental exposures to OPs. On account of wide inter-individual variation, the establishment of unexposed, baseline enzyme activities is necessary for accurate interpretation. This paper describes th...

Abstract Dichlorvos is an organophosphorus insecticide frequently detected in surface waters all around the world. From evaluation of environmental quality concentrations (EQC) for dichlorvos adopted by different countries, it was observed a wide variability among them. This despite regulatory EQC-values are typically based on toxicity data and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) investigate...

Specimens of two endemic cyprinids, Squalius laietanus (Catalan chub) and Barbus meridionalis (Mediterranean barbel), were sampled from a reference site in small stream the Ripoll River (NW Mediterranean) outside their reproductive season. Biomarkers involved xenobiotic-mediated responses individually contrasted fish both species 17 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) analysed muscle to reveal bi...