This paper explores the regulatory philosophies underlying the debates on privacy in e-commerce in the European Union and the United States. It offers a framework to grasp these differences and suggests that, in the ultimate, e-commerce players with transatlantic ambitions may need different organizations to deal with the EU and US

along with improvement and expansion if computational communications and increasing access of various peoples to the internet and virtual social networks, a lot of theoretical endeavors have been spent for studying the internet and its political and social effects. during these attempts, the concept of public sphere in the framework of habermas's theory has a significant status. accordingl...

Pittsburgh, the Iron City, gives me the blues. Cleaner and quieter than when tall smokestacks filled its valleys with yellow-brown haze, the city now stands as a nostalgic reminder of salty politicians, tough tycoons, rough mill workers, and fixed capital. Such heavy industrial cities of another age inspired the bottom-up social history of my youth, with its reductive assignment of interests, o...

Abstract This paper concerns the recent revival of entity realism. Having been started with work Ian Hacking, Nancy Cartwright, and Ronald Giere, project realism has recently developed by Matthias Egg, Markus Eronen, Bence Nanay. The opens a dialogue among these views on integrates them into more advanced view. result is an epistemological criterion for reality: property-tokens certain type may...

Department Website: http://nelc.uchicago.edu Program of Study Majors in Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (NELC) at the University of Chicago pursue rigorous knowledge about a region of the world that is known as “the cradle of civilization” and the home of several important religious and cultural traditions, as well as one of the most important geopolitical areas of our contemporary wor...

Earth-like civilizations generate heat from the energy that they utilize. The thermal radiation from this heat can be a thermodynamic marker for civilizations. Here we model such planetary radiation on Earth-like planets and propose a strategy for detecting such an alien unintentional thermodynamic electromagnetic biomarker. We show that astronomical infrared (IR) civilization biomarkers may be...