background and purpose: many workers are exposed to workplace hazards. many occupational diseases are preventable by personal protective devices (ppds). though many workers do not use ppds or their protection by ppds is not sufficient. this study was designed to assess the quality of ppds usage among industrial workers. materials and methods: in a cross-sectional study, 648 workers from four ma...

BACKGROUND The frequency of malpositioning of gastric tubes in the trachea has been reported to be 0.3-15%, which may cause severe complications, such as pneumonia, if not detected promptly. If a gastric tube can be guided into the esophagus under direct vision with a video laryngoscope, misplacement of the gastric tube into the trachea can be avoided. We compared gastric tube insertion under d...

background: intrauterine device (iud) is an effective and long term method of contraception that can be used without continued effort by the user to prevent pregnancy perfectly. pain during iud insertion is one of the obstacles to properly using the device. thus, using different methods of analgesia and anesthesia to alleviate this pain has been studied by many researchers. this review article ...

Introduction: Children generally suffer from dental traumas to their primary teeth. Traumas may lead to complications, depending on the site and potency of the injuries. The acute dental abscess usually occurs secondary to dental caries or dental trauma. The necrotic pulp tissue becomes colonized by a specialized mixed anaerobic biofilm. Case Presentation: A 5-year-old boy referred to clinic (G...

Both antegrade stenting and retrograde stenting for retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty in children have many disadvantages. In this work, we tried using an alternative technique of modified antegrade (MAG) double-J stenting for retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty in children under 5 years old, analyzed our results using the conventional antegrade (CAG) and the...