As petroleum extraction and consumption has steadily increased in recent decades, economists and development researchers have been puzzled by discrepancies in the growth, development, and governance of oil-dependent countries around the world. The divergent development outcomes of oil states beg the following question: what are the political and economic conditions that determine the consequenc...

This paper conducts a systematic analysis of the determinants of the relative price difference between voting and non-voting shares (“dual-class premium”) within the context of a mandatory bid rule. This rule implies that the acquirer of a control block is also obliged to offer minority shareholders the same (or partially the same) price for their shares. In the presence of the rule, the dual-c...

Neonatal mortality is increasingly concentrated globally in situations of conflict and political instability. In 1991, countries with high levels of political instability accounted for approximately 10% of all neonatal deaths worldwide; in 2013, this figure had grown to 31%. This has generated a "grand divergence" between those countries showing progress in neonatal mortality reduction compared...

Global conservation priorities have often been identified based on the combination of species richness and threat information. With the development of the field of systematic conservation planning, more attention has been given to conservation costs. This leads to prioritizing developing countries, where costs are generally low and biodiversity is high. But many of these countries have poor gov...

This paper examines the impact of a poverty alleviation program called the District Poverty Initiatives Project (DPIP), which is being implemented in the second largest state in India. DPIP is a World Bank project based on the community-driven development approach, wherein control of development decisions, resources and projects are given to the community groups. Funds are allocated to the vill...

This paper examines the feasibility of network governance in the context of the EU's expansion in the Western Balkans. The EU is formally committed to promoting network governance but the realities of enlargement require the creation of effective states, in other words of the primacy of hierarchy over network. Networks are created in enlargement and reflect the complexities of public policy but...

After many years in which directors have used directors’ and officers’ (D&O) coverage to shield themselves from personal responsibility for corporate failure, directors at Enron and WorldCom have been forced to pay $31 million out of their own pockets to settle securities class action lawsuits stemming from two of the largest corporate governance scandals in U.S. history. These settlements have...

OBJECTIVES To investigate healthcare professional perceptions of local implementation of a national clinical governance policy in New Zealand. DESIGN Respondent comments written at the end of a national healthcare professional survey designed to assess implementation of core components of the clinical governance policy. SETTING The written comments were provided by respondents to a survey d...

BACKGROUND Digital forms of direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical marketing (eDTCA) have globalized in an era of free and open information exchange. Yet, the unregulated expansion of eDTCA has resulted in unaddressed global public health threats. Specifically, illicit online pharmacies are engaged in the sale of purportedly safe, legitimate product that may in fact be counterfeit or substandard. Th...