Physics is a science that very much needed in the world of education because it helps students face challenges 21st century. In facing opportunities and century, everyone, especially students, needs two competencies, namely 21 st -century skills scientific literacy. Improving literacy can increase Indonesia's PISA scores. This study aims to determine students' initial related material studied h...

The current study aimed at determining the Impact of Socio-Economic and Demographic Dimensions on increasing poverty in Jordan Madaba Governorate. Five hypotheses were set to be tested and to reach tangible results. The analytical descriptive method was used and the study depended on the field work to collect data through a specific questionnaire. The sample was drawn with 300 families using a ...

State complexity is a descriptive complexity measure for regular languages. We investigate the problems related to the state complexity of regular languages and their operations. In particular, we compare the state complexity results on regular languages with those on nite languages.

In this paper we present logical characterizations of two preorders, within the framework of Hennessy-Milner Logics. The two preorders (loosely termed bisimulation-based efficiency preorders) are on processes represented as labelled transition systems. The characterizations are particularly interesting as they explore preorders lying between strong and weak bisimilarity, guided by a principle o...

A new distance function dist (A,B) for fuzzy sets A and B is introduced. It is based on the descriptive complexity, i.e., the number of bits (on average) that are needed to describe an element in the symmetric difference of the two sets. The distance gives the amount of additional information needed to describe any one of the two sets given the other. We prove its mathematical properties and pe...

Syntactic constraints in Koskenniemi's Finite-State Intersection Grammar (FSIG) are logically less complex than their formalism (Koskenniemi et al., 1992) would suggest: It turns out that although the constraints in Voutilainen's (1994) FSIG description of English make use of several extensions to regular expressions, the description as a whole reduces to a finite combination of union, compleme...