The paper presents a theoretical model that seeks to answer the question of why former squatter settlements tend to upgrade/redevelop at a slower pace than otherwise similar settlements originating in the formal sector. We argue that squatter settlers’ initial strategy to access urban land creates a ‘legacy effect’ that curtails settlement upgrading possibilities even after the settlements are ...

It is commonly believed that Adventure-based Counseling (ABC) training is intended for young people who are active and energetic. The St. James’ Settlement (a NGO) in Hong Kong, however, believes that such training can also have positive effects on the young olds (individuals aged 50-65). A group of young old trainees was recruited from the community to help implement related activities to elde...

The classical capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) consists in determining optimal delivery routes for a set of homogeneous vehicles to serve a set of customers. Each route is covered by one vehicle without exceeding its capacity. Moreover, each route starts and ends at the same depot. Each customer is served exactly once. In this paper, we consider the Vehicle Routing Problem with Accessi...

This paper addresses a real-life public patient transportation problem derived from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HKHA), which provides ambulance transportation services for disabled and elderly patients from one location to another. We model the problem as a multi-trip dial-a-ride problem (MTDARP), which requires designing several routes for each ambulance. A route is a sequence of locatio...

The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) is one of the most important problems in distribution and transportation. A classical and recently popular technique that has proven eeective for solving these problems is based on formulating them as a set covering problem. The method starts by solving its linear programming relaxation, via column generation, and then uses a branch and boun...

In this paper we provide methods for the Continuous Monitoring Problem with Inter-Depot routes (CMPID). It arises when a number of agents or vehicles have to persistently survey a set of locations. Each agent has limited energy storage (e.g., fuel tank or battery capacity) and can renew this resource at any available base station. Various realworld scenarios could be modeled with this formulati...

Abstract This study aims to design a route optimization model support commodity distribution in the Moluccas archipelago zone. The is designed using an integer programming approach for multi-depot multi-cluster with aim of minimizing distance. In this case, several points on island must be serviced. Each service point will only choose one port serve. Sea transportation routes are formed from se...

Location-Routing Problem (LRP) is related to logistics system of supply chain. In LRP, aims are facility location problem and vehicle routing problem that are considered simultaneously. As shown in recent researches, the costs in distribution systems may be excessive if routes are ignored when locating depots. In this paper, a heuristic method in four phases is developed to solve Capacitated Lo...

This paper is focused on the study of basic problem vehicle for reducing cost factor and increasing efficiency solution. Features constraint uses some capabilities algorithm used to modify it dynamically between nodes depot. demonstrated with a feasible schedule every node minimizes total as much possible. The analysis based address given model solution procedure.The purpose this research provi...