With the rapid advances being made in novel high-energy ion-beam techniques such as proton beam writing, single-ion-event effects, ion-beam-radiation therapy, ion-induced fluorescence imaging, proton/ion microscopy, and ion-induced electron imaging, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the spatial energydeposition profiles of energetic ions as they penetrate matter. In this work ...

In the past, many synthesis methods of nanoparticles have been reported, but the synthesis processes have not been well discussed from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. In this chapter, a general concept using potential-pH diagrams is described for oxidation-state control of nanoparticles synthesized via chemical reduction (also called electroless deposition or liquid-phase reduction). By compar...

The effects of the flow and packing properties of a drug/carrier powder mixture on emission of drug adhering to the carrier from capsules and inhalation devices were investigated. Model powder mixtures were designed consisting of lactose carriers with different particle shapes were prepared by surface treatment and micronized salbutamol sulfate. These powder mixtures were aerosolized by a Spinh...

Lithium as a plasma-facing component has many attractive features in fusion devices. We investigated chemical properties of the lithiated graphite surfaces during deposition using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy. In this study we try to address some of the known issues during lithium deposition, viz., the chemical state of lithium on graphite substrat...

Recently, nasal route has received a great deal of attention as a method for systemic administration of drugs, especially those that have to be administered by injection. The nasal route is advantageous because of the rapid absorption of drug molecules across the nasal mucosa and the relative ease of administration (1). Nasal powder formulations may improve chemical and microbiologic stability ...

Phase change cooling schemes involving passive heat spreading devices, such as heat pipes and vapor chambers, are widely adopted for thermal management of high heat-flux technologies. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fabricated on a 200 lm thick sintered copper powder wick layer using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. A physical vapor deposition process is...

The electroless coating technique is one of the elegant methods available for the production of protective coatings on surface. Our study has been aimed at the conditions of the electroless deposition of copper coating onto the iron powder particles from sulphate electrolyte. The course of the electroless process depends on the composition and pH of the electrolyte as well as on the size and co...