by discovering how chemical compounds/xenobiotics cytotoxicity is affected when their metabolic pathways are inhibited or activated, the metabolic pathways that activate versus detoxify chemical compound can be identified. reactive metabolites contributing to cytotoxicity can also be identified. in this lecture, the pretreatment of inhibitors and activators of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes as...

Design of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors is still a challenging task because of active site similarities between COX isoenzymes. To help with this issue, we tried to generate a 3D-QSAR (3 dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship) model that might reflect the essential features of COX-2 active sites. Compounds in a series of resveratrol derivatives inhibitors with ...

neurodegenerative disorders such as huntingtons disease, alzheimers disease, parkinsons disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, friedreichs ataxia, and others are multi-factorial illnesses in which many pathways (still poorly understood) act serially and in parallel to give a determined pathologic phenotype. thus, presently there are no effective cures for these disease...

one of the most important targets in alzheimer disease is beta site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (bace-1). it is a membrane associated protein and is one of the main enzymes responsible for amyloid β (aβ) production. up to now, a considerable number of peptidic and non-peptidic inhibitors of bace-1 have been developed. recently, small molecule bace-1 inhibitors have attracted the...

Macrophage/microglia with heterogonous phenotype and function under physiological and pathological conditions are the main cell lineage involved in inducing immune responses in neuroinflammatory diseases which exhibit combined inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. An increase in the expression of iNOS triggers M1 phenotype that secrete high concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, whil...

hydrates are crystalline compounds similar to ice, with guest molecules like methane and ethane trapped inside cavities or cages formed by the hydrogen bounded framework of water molecules. these solid compounds give rise to problems in the natural gas oil industry because they can plug pipelines and process equipments. low dosage hydrate inhibitors are a recently developed hydrate control tech...

By discovering how chemical compounds/xenobiotics cytotoxicity is affected when their metabolic pathways are inhibited or activated, the metabolic pathways that activate versus detoxify chemical compound can be identified. Reactive metabolites contributing to cytotoxicity can also be identified. In this lecture, the pretreatment of inhibitors and activators of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes as...