most mandibular second molars have one and two canals in distal and mesial roots, respectively. this report represents four cases of mandibular second molars with a single mesial and two distal root canals with two different canal configurations. after access cavity preparation, two teeth had one distal and two mesial orifices, whereas in the two other teeth one mesial and two distal orifices w...

This article reviewed smoking oral diseases Cigarette smoke affects the oral cavity first, so it is evident that smoking has many negative influences on oral cavity, for example, dental caries The article also discusses the relationship between smoking, Streptococcus mutans counts, secretory IgA (S-IgA) and dental caries in detail. Dental caries were significantly related to the presence of Str...

Pharmacological sedation is an alternative behavior management strategy in pediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to compare the behavioral and physiologic effects of "commercially midazolam syrup" versus "orally administered IV midazolam dosage form (extemporaneous midazolam (EF))" in uncooperative pediatric dental patients. Eighty-eight children between 4 to 7 years of age received 0....

The objective of the study was to evaluate level bone tissue heating experimentally during various high-speed and slow-speed protocols for preparation cavity dental implantation. Materials Methods: 8 samples skeletonized veal ribs (length 10.00–12.00 cm thickness 1.50–2.00 cm) were dissected, four cuts made according different speed at a distance 1.00–1.50 from each other. duration manipulation...

introduction: in recent years, significant developments have been taking place in caries removal and cavity preparation using laser in dentistry. as laser use is considered for cavity preparation, it is necessary to determine the quality of restoration margins. glass ionomer cements have great applications for conservative restoration in the pediatric field. the purpose of this in vitro study w...

BACKGROUND Among different categories of sedative agents, benzodiazepines have been prescribed for more than three decades to patients of all ages. The effective and predictable sedative and amnestic effects of benzodiazepines support their use in pediatric patients. Midazolam is one of the most extensively used benzodiazepines in this age group. Oral form of drug is the best accepted route of ...

introduction: the aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of hand and rotary instruments on fracture strength of tooth roots. materials & methods: thirty two teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups of 15 each and one negative control group with two samples. in group 1, step-back technique with conventional stainless steel k-files was used, and in group 2, instrumen...