Nowadays it is very important to maintain a high level security to ensure safe and trusted communication of information between various organizations. But secured data communication over internet and any other network is always under threat of intrusions and misuses. To control these threats, recognition of attacks is critical matter. Probing, Denial of Service (DoS), Remote to User (R2L) Attac...

Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks are a critical threat to the Internet. This paper introduces a DDoS defense scheme that supports automated online attack characterizations and accurate attack packet discarding based on statistical processing. The key idea is to prioritize a packet based on a score which estimates its legitimacy given the attribute values it carries. Once the score o...

The flood of publications and multiplicity of so-called treatment protocols are an essential problem. Valuable reports mix with pseudo-scientific data, so one can find confirmation or denial of almost every thesis, method or idea. So far, over 200 combinations of timing, operative methods, and sequence of treatment have been described, with a bleak prospect for adoption of common policy and agr...

what is meant by ta‘līl is that if in a reason the cause of the judgment has been mentioned, the denial of the judgment can been concluded from the lack of that judgment; in such a way that from the denial of restriction (ḥaṣr), condition, desired object, etc, the denial of the judgment is necessitated. in this article, the study of this issue is dealt with respect to the viewpoints of the prop...

the idea is growing among educators that thinking skill needs to be given a direct attention. on one hand, critical thinking is supposed to broaden students’ thinking in all regards (schafersman, 1991); and on the other hand learners’ attitudes towards the second language can affect both their performance in the class and their final accomplishment. to this end, the present study started with t...

In Distributed denial of service (DDOS) attack, an attacker may use your computer to attack another computer by taking security weakness an attacker could take control of your computer. He could then force your computer to send huge amounts of data to a website. Or send spam particular email address. The “Attack” is distributed because the attacker is using multiple computers including yours to...

This paper evaluates the prospects for protecting critical social functions from “cyber” attacks carried out over electronic information networks. In particular, it focuses on the feasibility of devising international laws, conventions or agreements to deter and/or punish perpetrators of such attacks. First, it briefly summarizes existing conventions and laws, and explains to which technologica...

BACKGROUND Internationally, in many healthcare systems financial pressure has led to the implementation of co-payments, private medical (extra) services and rationing. In Germany, members of statutory health insurances (SHIs) increasingly report the denial of medical services and the offer/demand of privately financed supplementary health services individual health services, (IHSs) in medical p...

among the topics discussed in books of jurisprudence is denial of knowledge, which is considered as a subdivision of taking oath based on issue. regardless of the originality of oath on denying knowledge, substantial disagreement is discernible in jurisprudence as regards the establishment of legal provisions on this type oath-taking, very few of which opinions have influenced jurists in this f...