Anxiety is rising among mass publics and analysts of governance about whether democratic governments can cope with the policy problems now facing them (Schäfer and Streeck 2013; Berggruen and Gardels 2013). Trust in American government is at a low ebb and more than two thirds of voters in many parts of Europe express dissatisfaction with their country’s direction (Pew 2012a; 2012b). Why is ther...

The provision of education and training to all Kenyans is fundamental to Governments overall development strategy. Kenya’s human resource is central to the country attaining its goal of industrial development and technological advancement. Universal access to basic education and training ensures equity for all children to enroll in schools including the disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. Educ...

Literature regarding the post-Soviet period has commented extensively on the difficulties of post-Soviet governments in extricating themselves from command economies and centralised polities and moving toward market economies and democratic government. For the most part, such writing has emphasised the economic variable. Essentially, the argument has concentrated on a consensus that the post-So...

Widespread concerns exist that new voting technologies invite electoral fraud. In states with a known record of electoral fraud, however, the use of new voting technologies may help reduce the incidence of fraud by automating parts of the voting and counting process. This study shows that the use of optical scan voting systems had a significant effect in terms of fraud reduction during the 2011...

How do political institutions shape government size and redistributional policies? An empirical model proposes a possible framework to evaluate sign and magnitude of the relation. Political institutions are classified in complementary constraints, namely political competition, competition in executive recruitment and constraints on the executive. Results show that the stronger democratic instit...

In early 1999, the Indonesian Electoral Commission (Komisi Pemilu Umum) KPU issued decree number 12 of 1999 on Election Observation and Procedures which identified a role for domestic and foreign observers. Election observers from governments and non-government organisations around the world were invited to seek accreditation from the KPU. Given CDI’s focus on supporting democratic processes an...

Democracies of the globalised world has been have been striving towards citizen empowerment in the recent decade where E-Governance is perceived as a facilitator. Democratic governments in general feel that being accessible online 24/7 to the average citizen not only makes them transparent, but also empowers the average citizen. In this process, citizen data privacy, information sharing across ...

political participation is an important factor for political survival of the society and government. this concept is a symbol showing people’s presence at actions of government, and it is a substantial index for people’s satisfaction in democratic countries. election can be the most important symbol of political participation. this is why people’s presence in election is carefully investigated ...

The Voter Qualifications Clause of Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution makes federal voting rights dependent upon participation in state elections. This Article argues that the right to vote in federal elections, as defined by Article I, incorporates both i) state constitutional law governing the right to vote and ii) the democratic norms that existed within the states at the founding...

The WTO system and democratic rights are unexpected bedfellows. The GATT ⁄WTO requires governments to adopt policies that provide foreign products (read producers) with due process, political participation, and information rights related to trade policymaking. Because these nations also provide these rights to their citizens, a growing number of people are learning how to influence trade-relate...