Biogas yield of mixtures of cattle slurry and cheese whey, rates of production of methane, removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) from the mixtures were investigated at 35°C. Four feed regimens (by volume) were studied. Stable biogas production of 621 l/kg Volatile Solids at an Hydraulic Retention Time of 42 days in a mixture containing 50% slurr...

This article provides a comprehensive review of the classifications and types of shock that can occur following trauma, surgery, organ damage/disease (neurogenic, hypovolaemic, cardiogenic) or during/following treatment (septic, anaphylaxis) and the stages (compensatory, progressive and irreversible) of shock. It provides an overview of the physiological changes that occur in the cell, at organ...

I study how regional populations respond to local labor demand shifts by quantifying how the collapse of Finnish-Soviet trade in early 1990s affected regional working-age populations in Finland. I identify local labor demand shifts by using regional variation in the production of goods that were exported from Finland to Soviet Union. I find that the more local employment focused on the producti...

The quest for an effective alternative means for effluent treatment is a major concern of the modern-day scientist. Fungi have been attracting a growing interest for the biological treatment of industrial wastewater. In this study, Saccharomycescerevisiae and Torulasporadelbrueckii were isolated from spoiled watermelon and inoculated into different concentrations of effluent. The inoculants wer...

Four different strategies of pulping and bleaching were carried out to develop alternative mechanistic ecoenvironmental friendly approaches and generated effluent was characterised. Strategy-I included Phanerochaete sp. fungal pretreatment followed by conventional bleaching, whereas in strategy-II, fungal pretreatment was followed by enzyme xylanase aided bleaching. Strategy-III also included x...

OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective and biodegradable dispersant of spilled oil in water surrounding two Persian Gulf provinces. METHODS This study compared the effects of three dispersants, Pars 1, Pars 2, and Gamlen OD4000 on removal of oil in two Persian Gulf provinces' water. Overall, 16 stations were selected. Using the Well method, the growth rate of isolated bacteria and fungi wa...

The mechanisms contributing to multiorgan dysfunction during cardiogenic shock are poorly understood. Our goal was to characterize the microcirculatory and mitochondrial responses following ≥ 10 hours of severe left ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock. We employed a closed-chest porcine model of cardiogenic shock induced by left coronary microembolization (n = 12) and a time-matched contr...

This paper develops a theory of economic slack based on firms that face only fixed costs over a range of output. In this setting, equilibrium output and income depend on consumer demand rather than available supply, even when prices are flexible and there are no other frictions. The theory matches the procyclicality of capacity utilization, firm entry, and markups. A heterogeneous household ver...

This paper analyzes the effect of endogenous unemployment risk on the dynamics of recovery from a liquidity trap. In a liquidity trap, an adverse demand shock raises unemployment and produces a period of slow hiring. Slow hiring further reduces demand, both for standard precautionary reasons and because credit conditions endogenously worsen, reducing households’ ability to borrow and consume. T...

Gun rights activists in the United States frequently argue that the right to bear arms, as guaranteed by the Second Amendment, can help deter crime. Advocates of gun control usually respond that €rearm prevalence contributes positively to violent crime rates. In this paper, we provide quasi-experimental evidence that a positive and unexpected gun demand shock led to an increase in murder rates....