The purposes of this review are to show pathophysiological mechanisms for heat illness during working in a hot environment and accordingly provide some preventive considerations from a viewpoint of body fluid homeostasis. The incidence of the heat illness is closely associated with body temperature regulation, which is much affected by body fluid state in humans. Heat generated by contracting m...

Received: 15/11/2013 Revised: 13/12/2013 Accepted: 16/12/2013 Abstract Osmotic dehydration is a process of water removal by immersion of water containing cellular solids in a concentrated aqueous solution of sugar/ salt. This results in intermediate moisture product with lower water activity. At low water activity, most of the chemical reactions which deteriorate the food as well as the growth ...

This paper investigates hollow and porous alumina nanospheres that were previously synthesized to be used for the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME). As hollow nanostructures possess characteristics such as low density and high surface to volume ratio, their catalytic activity between hollow and porous structure is compared. For this purpose, three most important parameters (acidit...

In plants, low temperature and dehydration activate a set of genes containing C-repeat/dehydration-responsive elements in their promoter. It has been shown previously that the Arabidopsis CBF/DREB1 transcription activators are critical regulators of gene expression in the signal transduction of cold acclimation. Here, we report the isolation of an apparent homolog of the CBF/DREB1 proteins (CBF...

During heat stress and dehydration, thermoregulation is partly suppressed to save body fluid and circulation. Drinking induces the recovery of thermoregulatory responses including sweating. Our objective is to investigate the effect of water temperature and voluntary drinking on the extent of the drinking-induced sweating. Six healthy subjects 23.7 ± 0.6 yr old and 80.7 ± 5.7 kg wt were dehydra...

During the austral summer, larvae of the terrestrial midge Belgica antarctica (Diptera: Chironomidae) experience highly variable and often unpredictable thermal conditions. In addition to remaining freeze tolerant year-round, larvae are capable of swiftly increasing their cold tolerance through the rapid cold-hardening (RCH) response. The present study compared the induction of RCH in frozen ve...

The present study was carried out to investigate the mass transfer kinetics and optimization during osmotic dehydration of beetroot. The samples were osmotically treated in different hypertonic sugar solution (55, 65 and 75 0 Brix) with salt concentration of 5 % (w/v), at different solution temperature (30, 45 & 60 °C). Mass transfer kinetics was modeled according to Magee and Azuara model, and...

Coconut slices (thickness 0.8 ± 0.1 mm) were osmotically dehydrated (0 min to 720 min) using filtrates of functional ingredients such as beet root, carrot, ginger and mint as impregnating solutions. During the osmotic process, the diffusion of minerals, organic acids, phenolics and vitamins between coconut slices and osmotic medium might have contributed various physico-chemical changes in acid...

In the present work, we have studied daily rhythmicity of body temperature (Tb) in Arabian camels challenged with daily heat, combined or not with dehydration. We confirm that Arabian camels use heterothermy to reduce heat gain coupled with evaporative heat loss during the day. Here, we also demonstrate that this mechanism is more complex than previously reported, because it is characterized by...