Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) exertion patterns in anaerobically treated farm dairy wastewater were investigated on a laboratory scale. Oxygen uptake was typically characterised by a period of rapid oxygen exertion, a transitional "shoulder" phase and a period of slower activity. A multi-species model, involving rapidly degradable and slowly degradable material, was developed, leading to a do...

Cartilage defects in the knee are often seen in young and active patients. There is a need for effective joint preserving treatments in patients suffering from cartilage defects, as untreated defects often lead to osteoarthritis. Within the last two decades, tissue engineering based techniques using a wide variety of polymers, cell sources, and signaling molecules have been evaluated. We start ...

The objective of these studies was to elucidate the causes underlying the reduction of fertility associated with feeding of excess ruminally degradable protein to cattle. Holstein heifers were fed total mixed rations that either met (Normal) or exceeded (High) ruminally degradable protein requirements. In Exp. 1 heifers (n = 80) were inseminated at estrus after being fed the experimental diets ...

metabolizable protein (mp) supply and amino acid balance were manipulated through selection of highly digestible rumen-undegradable protein (rup) sources. effects on production efficiency and n utilization of early post-partum dairy cows were determined. forty-two multiparous and 16 primiparous holstein cows were assigned to the diets in a randomized complete block design immediately after part...

samples of grass pea seed (lathyrus sativus) were prepared and analyzed for some chemical composition and as well for their anti-nutritional factors. the rumen degradability coefficients and post ruminal digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of unheated vs. oven heated samples were determined, employing in situ and in vitro techniques. results indicated that grass pea seed contained a c...