The concept of community design has evolved with the advancement technology. City information models (CIM), urban digital twin (UDT), and proliferation communication technologies have transformed way society operates led to modernisation traditional methods inclusive decision-makings. However, creating a CIM that effectively aligns diverse interests capabilities (non-expert) users like local in...

access to stable development requires organized participation of all people, including women in all institutes. reduction of limitations and increase in legal authority of women are necessary to achieve the highest rate of participation. in this regard, a developmental approach demands a balanced increase in the legal knowledge, organizational authorities and civil demands of women particularly...

Decision-making for medicines to be accepted in Iran's public health insurance reimbursement list is a complex process and involves factors, which should be considered in applying a coverage for medicine costs. These processes and factors are not wholly assessed, while assessment of these factors is an essential need for getting a transparent and evidence-based approach toward medicine reimburs...

The Counseling System is the one of the basis on which all social and political affairs are presented and investigated through public and political consultation in the form of discussions and free conversations. In the Counseling system, it is the public wisdom and agreement that leads to the selection and determination of rulers, social and political constructs and institutions, codifying and ...

One of the significant changes made by Government Tanzania over last two decades is mainstreaming civic engagement mechanisms into water supply management. This instigation motivated belief that would contribute to greater voice and oversight government functions through shared decisions, responsibility, transparency, trust respect public input. However, little evidence affirms capability citiz...

the counseling system is the one of the basis on which all social and political affairs are presented and investigated through public and political consultation in the form of discussions and free conversations. in the counseling system, it is the public wisdom and agreement that leads to the selection and determination of rulers, social and political constructs and institutions, codifying and ...

Design and expansion of distribution systems seems inevitable in view of the need to satisfy the rise in energy consumption in a technical and economical way. Optimal location, sizing and determining the service area of substations is one of the principle problems in expansion of distribution systems. Also uncertainty is one of the important factors that increase risk of exact decision makings....

Decision-making between humans is a recurring challenge in a society where consensuses for disagreements have to be found. To support such decision-makings, at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology a Participation Service is developed as part of a service-oriented campus system in an agile manner and based on the Representational State Transfer (REST) paradigm. One of the key success factors of...

It is popular that two players face with each other repeatedly in different phases [1]. Workers usually have relationship with their colleagues not only at work but also privately. Governments make negotiations on agricultural trade in addition to industrial trade. A hotel chain competes with the rival in various areas. Do these situations facilitate cooperation? What kind of decision makings s...