Self-organisation occurs in natural phenomena when a spontaneous increase in order is produced by the interactions of elements of a complex system. Thermodynamically, this increase must be offset by production of entropy which, broadly speaking, can be understood as a decrease in order. Ideally, self-organisation can be used to guide the system towards a desired regime or state, while “exportin...

0 7 4 0 7 4 5 9 / 0 1 / $ 1 0 . 0 0 © 2 0 0 1 I E E E Advice for potential GSO clients recommends starting small, at home, and with programmers.3 Many client organizations have followed this advice, putting a toe into the GSO waters through small-scale body shopping—for example, having Indian subcontractor staff come over to the client site to complete a minor, noncritical piece of coding or co...

The chemical and thermal characteristics of goldenberry pomace oil (GPO) seed (GSO) were investigated. GPO GSO contained high levels unsaturated fatty acids (90.1% 85.1%, respectively), the major acid was linoleic (62.0% 72.8%, respectively). Additionally, eleven triacylglycerol (TAG) species, three which represented 82.7%, namely C54:6, C54:4 C52:4, trilinolein dominant one (35.5%). nine TAG t...

Epitaxial growth of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (BST70) thin films on GdScO3 (GSO) substrates had been realized using the radio frequency magnetron sputtering system with epitaxial alignment [001]BST70||[110]GSO and [010]BST70||[001]GSO. Reciprocal space mapping transmission electron microscope results confirm without an impurity phase at interface. The Fourier-filtered image shows that BST70 film grew well...

This paper exposes a comparative study that was made between the adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) and hybrid model genetical optimizer approaches (GSO) for synthesis of 1-D equally spaced annular ring antenna arrays both TM11 TM12 modes. The uniform is designed as mono objective problem. employed techniques are compared in terms convergence rate side lobes level reduction. Several or...

Abstract: One of the equipment that can help improve distribution system status today and reduce the cost of fault time is remote control switches (RCS). Finding the optimal location and number of these switches in the distribution system can be modeled with various objective functions as a nonlinear optimization problem to improve system reliability and cost. In this article, a particle swarm ...

There has been recently a surge of interest in Grand Unified Theories on orbifolds of higher dimensional spaces. In particular, the higher dimensional doublet–triplet splitting mechanism has been of much interest. I revisit the superstring doublet–triplet splitting mechanism in which the color triplets are projected out by the GSO projections, while leaving the electroweak doublets in the physi...