In this work, the hydrogen fatigue of pipeline steel X60, its girth welds and weld defects were investigated through in situ testing. A novel gaseous charging set-up was developed, which involves a sample geometry that mimics small-scale with high internal gas pressure. The effect by measuring crack initiation growth, using direct current potential drop (DCPD) set-up, probes outer surface speci...

In this study autonomic self-healing of impact damage in composite materials is shown using a microencapsulated healing agent. The components for self-healing, urea–formaldehyde microcapsules containing dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) liquid healing agent and paraffin wax microspheres containing 10 wt% Grubbs’ catalyst, have been successfully incorporated in a woven S2-glass-reinforced epoxy composite...

Successful arrest and retardation of fatigue cracks is achieved with an in situ self-healing epoxy matrix composite that incorporates microencapsulated dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) healing agent and Grubbs first generation Ru catalyst. Healing agent is released into the crack plane by the propagating crack, where it polymerizes to form a polymer wedge, generating a crack tip shielding mechanism. Du...

Alpha-bsm ® is a first generation self-setting, injectable and moldable apatitic calcium phosphate cement (CPC) based on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). ACP was prepared using low temperature double decomposition technique, from a calcium solution (0.16 M), and phosphate solution (0.26 M) in a basic (pH~13) media. ACP was than stabilized using three crystal growth inhibitors (CO3 2, Mg 2+ , ...

There are three varieties of cartilage-hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage is the precursor of bone. In the adult it is mainly found at bone ends, forming the load-bearing surface of synovial joints. Extra-articular fibrocartilages such as those of the trachea and ribs often calcify with advancing age. Articular cartilage, however, usually remains free from mineral deposits....