Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is a chlorination byproduct found in finished drinking water. When administered in drinking water this chemical has been shown to produce hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in B6C3F1 mice over the animal's lifetime. In this study, we investigated whether mutant frequencies were increased in mouse liver using treatment protocols that yielded significant tumor induct...

Deoxycholic acid (DCA) has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis in humans with effects on proliferation and apoptosis, mediated at least in part by activation of transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-jB), activator protein 1 (AP-1) and protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is reported to reduce the frequency of colonic carcinogenesis in ulcerative coliti...

This paper presents the first closed-form analysis of cochannel and adjacent channel reuse ratio distributions in dynamic channel assignment (DCA) cellular systems and compares the results with conventional fixed channel assignment (FCA) cellular systems. Computer simulations show that DCA systems exhibit significantly closer cochannel and adjacent channel frequency reuse than FCA systems for a...

We study dynamic communicating automata (DCA), an extension of classical communicating finite-state machines that allows for dynamic creation of processes. The behavior of a DCA can be described as a set of message sequence charts (MSCs). While DCA serve as a model of an implementation, we propose branching high-level MSCs (bHMSCs) on the specification side. Our focus is on the implementability...

Carbon isotope fractionation during aerobic mineralization of 1, 2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) by Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 was investigated. A strong enrichment of (13)C in residual 1,2-DCA was observed, with a mean fractionation factor alpha +/- standard deviation of 0.968 +/- 0.0013 to 0.973 +/- 0.0015. In addition, a large carbon isotope fractionation between biomass and inorganic carbon...

Dichloroacetate sodium (DCA) is a nonproprietary drug currently used for treatment of inherited mitochondrial diseases. It was discovered in 2007 that DCA promotes human cancer cell death by a novel mechanism. Soon after this discovery, physicians began using DCA off-label for cancer treatment in a palliative setting. A case report is presented of a 71-year-old male with poorly differentiated c...

This paper presents a novel analysis of cochannel and adjacent channel reuse ratio distributions in DCA microcell systems, and compares the results with conventional FCA macrocell systems. Computer simulations show that DCA systems exhibit significantly closer channel reuse than FCA systems for a significant proportion of terminals. Mathematical analysis is used to show that this is a fundament...

Spontaneous apoptosis in hepatocytes of male B6C3F1 mice that received dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in their drinking water for 5-30 days (28-58 days of life) was examined as part of ongoing studies to determine the molecular basis of the hepatocarcinogenicity of this nongenotoxic water chlorination by-product. DCA at 0.5 and 5.0 g/liter, significantly reduced apoptosis relative to untreated contr...