purpose: the purpose of this study is to model cryptosporidiosis in laboratory animals. the parasites were inoculated into animalsand thenmultiplied. the process of proliferation was compared to controlcryptosporidiosis in humans. materials and methods: twenty-five laboratory mice (4-7 days of age) and twenty-five laboratory rats (5 days of age) were assigned to the category i while the categor...

background copper (cu) is an essential trace element involved in normal reproduction but its overexposure may produce some detrimental effects. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of copper sulfate poisoning on morphometery of mice ovarian structures and probable intracellular changes. methods thirty mature female mice were randomly allocated to control and two treatment groups...

introduction: depression has multifactorial characters including brain-behavioral disorders, alteration in cognitive psychomotor and emotional process. millions of people are worldwide suffering from this illness. this disease happens in all ages of men and women. this research tries to introduce a traditional medication in comparison with common chemical anti-depressant drugs. this experiment ...

the aim of this study was to examine the possible morphological and morphometric changes resulting from vitrification of embryos at the cleavage stage. in this study, 30 mice early-cleavage embryos at different stages of cleavage, resulting from in vitro fertilization (ivf) techniques, were examined before and after vitrification. digital images were taken from embryos before and after vitrific...

putative activity of hydroalcoholic and aqueous infusion extracts of echium amoenum l. was investigated in mice using the rotarod model of motor coordination and the elevated plus maze model of anxiety. the extracts were administered intraperitonealy (i.p.) once, one hour before performing the tests. preliminary phytochemical study of the plant, with standard procedures, showed that it contains...

these experiments examined the effects of pre-test intra dorsal hippocampus (intra-ca1) administration of gabaa receptor agonist and antagonist, muscimol and bicuculline respectively, on state-dependent learning induced by lithium. male nmri mice were trained in a one-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance task, and immediately after training they received ip injections of either saline (10 ml/kg...

introduction: sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 (pde5) inhibitor, may have various effects on the central nervous system via the nitric oxide (no)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp) pathway. preclinical studies have shown the controversial effect of sildenafil on anxiety-like behavior in animals. this study was undertaken to investigate the acute effect of sildenafil on anxiety-like behavior...

introduction: stem cell biology has been the subject of much recent discussion. embryonic stem (es) cells, derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos are expected to become a powerful tool in future regenerative medicine and developmental biology due to their capacity of self-renewal and pluripotency. in the present study, the ultrastructural development...

introduction: among the components of the extracellular matrix (ecm) and basement membrane (bm), laminitis heterotrimeric glycoprotein (laminin) and collagen type iv are the most important. in a previous study we have examined the role of collagen type iv in the developing lens capsule. the present study aims to determine the appearance and distribution of laminin in the bm and ecm of lenses du...

background: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) is a reproductive key hormone. the gnrh analogues are widely used in in vitro fertilization and treatment of sex hormone-depended cancers induced by the materials used in chemotherapeutic agents. objective: the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of cyclophosphamide and decapeptyl (analogues of gnrh) on histomorphometry and stereology o...