background: the aim of present study was to determine the seroprevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) among stray and owned dogs in kouhsar district of alborz province, central iran. methods: the study was performed from march 2011 to july 2011 using direct agglutination test (dat). three hundred and thirty seven dogs including 257 stary and 80 owned dogs were selected by random sampl...

background: visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is caused by leishmania infantum in mediterranean basin and is an endemic disease in some parts of iran. canines are the main reservoirs of vl in most of the endemic areas. different serological methods have been introduced for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl). objective: in this survey a fucose-mannose ligand (fml) elisa, using native l. ...

The antidepressant and cocaine sensitive plasma membrane monoamine transporters are the primary mechanism for clearance of their respective neurotransmitters and serve a pivotal role in limiting monoamine neurotransmission. To identify molecules in pathways that regulate dopamine transporter (DAT) internalization, we used a genetic complementation screen in Xenopus oocytes to identify a mitogen...

There is a large unmet medical need for cocaine addiction treatments. Studies have indicated that the dopamine transporter (DAT) is the primary biological target of cocaine, and most drugs that have DAT affinity have behavioral effects like those of cocaine. However, analogs of benztropine have high DAT affinity and behavioral effects that show varying degrees of similarity to cocaine. We now r...

The interaction of amphetamine (AMPH) with the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) is thought to be critically important for the DA-elevating actions of this drug. It is commonly believed that DA elevations are involved in the rewarding/reinforcing properties of AMPH and other drugs of abuse. Here, we found that DAT deletion did not eliminate the rewarding effects of AMPH as measured by conditioned...

Six-day-old rats were treated intraperitoneal injections with methotrexate 1 mg/kg, and the cerebellum was examined. Both the length and width of the vermis decreased in the methotrexate-treated group instead of the control from 4 day after treatment (DAT) onward. A significant reduction in the width of the external granular layer was detected on 2 and 3 DAT in the methotrexate group. By 4 DAT,...

The orphan G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is a substrate of parkin; its insoluble aggregates accumulate in brain samples of Parkinson's disease patients. We report here that GPR37 interacts with the dopamine transporter (DAT) and modulates DAT activity. GPR37 and DAT were found colocalized in mouse striatal presynaptic membranes and in transfected cells and their interaction was confirme...

In this study we sought to differentiate participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) from those with mild dementia of Alzheimer's type (m-DAT) and normal controls by modifying an existing test of spatial context memory (SCMT) designed so as to evaluate the function of brain regions affected in early m-DAT. We found that participants with a-MCI had better total scores on our mod...

The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a critical recognition site for cocaine and contributes to its significant abuse liability. Accordingly, the development of compounds that target the DAT represents a logical approach in the pharmacological treatment of cocaine abuse. The present study characterized the effects of DAT inhibitors as pretreatments in rhesus monkeys trained to self-administer coca...