Objective- Locomotor disorders are prevalent health problems in dairy herds that negatively affect milk production, reproduction performance and animal welfare. The ultimate cost of locomotor disorders in dairy cattle is substantially greater than treatment costs alone. As limited information is available on incidence of feet and leg disorders in Iran, the objective of this study was to determi...

Improvement of milk production traits in dairy sheep is required to increase the competitiveness of the industry and to maintain the production of high quality cheese in regions of Mediterranean countries with less favourable conditions. Additional improvement over classical selection could be reached if genes with significant effects on the relevant traits were specifically targeted by selecti...

The lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus play a crucial role in the manufacture of dairy products such as cheese, buttermilk and yogurt. In this contribution, different metabolic engineering strategies are described aimed at improvement of the quality of the fermented dairy product. By increased production of diacetyl or acetaldehyde, the particular flavour of ...

Dairy production systems in the US have changed considerably over the last several decades due to forces that promote economic efficiency of production and to scientific and technological advances that afford opportunities for change. Societal values and concerns about animal wellbeing and specifically about livestock production systems and their impact on animal well-being have also changed th...

Manure in an inevitable byproduct of the production of meat and milk destined for human consumption. Excessive excretion of manure and manure nutrients represent inefficiencies which increase feed costs, increase the environmental impact of dairy farming, and increase the costs associated with moving and storing manure. Profitability can be enhanced when good feeding and management practices ar...

Women play a significant role in smallholder production system in Pakistan. They actively participate in various activities relating to crop and livestock production in addition to conducting their routine domestic duties often working non-stop from dawn to dusk. But the extent of their participation varies from region to region. The aim of this field survey was to investigate the involvement o...

The aim of this study was to use meta-analysis to identify the enteric methane (CH4) mitigation strategy that reduced CH4 emission without lowering production. To this end, a database initially developed was updated, compiling data from 61 publications (233 experiments) for various observations in dairy cattle on effects of hydrogen sink (H-sink), ionophore, lipid and conc...

Reproductive efficiency is an important aspect of dairy cattle production. To improve it in high yielding dairy cattle, a thorough understanding of the physiology of fertility and the reproductive physiological implications of the increasing metabolic demands associated with increasing production levels is essential. In this respect, the present paper focuses on the neuro-endocrine regulation o...

Bovine mastitis is a disease that affects dairy herd production, characterized by considerable economical loss due to diminished milk secretion, potential productive cow damage, increase in production costs and milk contamination. Intramammary infection (IMMI) is the most common reason for the use of antimicrobials in dairy cows. Antimicrobials (ATMs) have been used to treat mastitis for more t...

The modern dairy cow has been selected over generations for high milk production, with many successful dairy operations averaging over 13,500 kg of milk per lactation cycle per cow. This amount of nutrient output in the form of milk components puts a tremendous amount of pressure on the metabolism of the dairy cow, especially during early lactation. In fact, it is common to all mammals, includi...