Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a vector-borne viral disease, widely distributed in different regions of the world. The fever is caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV), which belongs to the Nairovirus genus and Bunyaviridae family. The virus is clustered in seven genotypes, which are Africa-1, Africa-2, Africa-3, Europe-1, Europe-2, Asia-1 and Asia-2. The virus is highly pathogenic in natur...

the first part of the paper describes the persian translation of naṣīr al-dīn al-ṭūsī’s taḥrīr kitāb uqlīdis by quṭb al-dīn al-shīrāzī, with a primary focus on his appendix to book i. part of a larger encyclopedic collection, al-shīrāzī’s translation continued to be read for centuries. as evidence of the work’s influence, al-shīrāzī’s appendix to book i was included in a nineteenth century prin...

Résumé Ṭāhar Bāšā Ḫayr al-Dīn, né à Istanbul, officier ottoman, occupe le poste de ministre la justice province Tunis alors sous protectorat français 1921 1934. Il a laissé un témoignage historique précieux : des mémoires, compilés forme notes par universitaires tunisiens et publiés dans leur langue originale, en arabe, 1989. Cet article propose une traduction quelques extraits l’analyse d’une ...

Muhammad Syahrur’s point of view about hadith and sunnah was very different from preacher expert. Syahrur declared that Prophet Muhammad’s life as a prophet (messenger) the result his interaction with certain events in situation when he alive. positioned history product which happened did not accommodate law legitimation. Further, mentioned some rejected practices, although it identified shahih...