Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is an enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae that is significant to human health, being associated with myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, and pancreatitis, among other conditions. In addition to humans, Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys can be infected and killed by CVB3. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of a novel coxsackievirus B3 strain, SSM-CVB3, which w...

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) generates 5'-terminally deleted genomes (TDs) during replication in murine hearts. We show here that CVB3 populations with TDs can also be generated within two to three passages of CVB3 in primary, but not immortalized, cell cultures. Deletions of less than 49 nucleotides increase in size during passage, while 5' TDs of 49 nucleotides appear to be the maximum deletion s...

Enteroviruses like coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are common suspects in myocarditis/dilated cardiomyopathy patients. Autoimmunity has been proposed as an underlying mechanism, but direct evidence of its role is lacking. To delineate autoimmune response in CVB3 myocarditis, we used IA(k) dextramers for cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334-352. We have demonstrated that myocarditis-susceptible A/J ...

OBJECTIVE Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a dominant causative agent for viral myocarditis. So far, effective therapies for the treatment of the disease are not available. 20(S)-Protopanaxtriol is a major component of Panax pseudoginseng and has been clinically used for the treatment of heart diseases. However, it is not known whether 20(S)-protopanaxtriol exerts any anti-viral effects. Thus, the a...

We have investigated the possible role of trans-acting factors interacting with the untranslated regions (UTRs) of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) RNA. We show here that polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) binds specifically to both 5' and 3' UTRs, but with different affinity. We have demonstrated that PTB is a bona fide internal ribosome entry site (IRES) trans-acting factor (ITAF) for CVB3 RN...

Background—Myocarditis is an important cause for cardiac failure, especially in younger patients, followed by the development of cardiac dysfunction and death. The present study investigated whether gene deletion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 influences cardiac inflammation and function in murine coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)–induced myocarditis. Methods and Results— Matrix metalloproteinase-2 knock...

Cellular FLIP (c-FLIP) is an enzymatically inactive paralogue of caspase-8 and as such can block death receptor-induced apoptosis. However, independent of death receptors, c-FLIP-Long (c-FLIPL) can heterodimerize with and activate caspase-8. This is critical for promoting the growth and survival of T lymphocytes as well as the regulation of the RIG-I helicase pathway for type I interferon produ...

OBJECTIVES At present, most promising compounds to treat enterovirus-induced diseases are broad-spectrum capsid function inhibitors which bind into a hydrophobic pocket in viral capsid protein 1 (VP1). Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) Nancy was the only prototypic enterovirus strain shown to be pleconaril-resistant. This study was designed to better understand the polymorphism of the hydrophobic pocket...

A chimeric poliovirus type 1 (PV1) genome was constructed in which the 3D RNA polymerase (3D(pol)) coding sequences were replaced with those from coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). No infectious virus was produced from HeLa cells transfected with the chimeric RNA. Processing of the PV1 capsid protein precursor was incomplete, presumably due to inefficient recognition of the P1 protein substrate by the c...

The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a type I transmembrane protein involved in virus uptake and the maintenance of cell-cell contacts. It is predominantly expressed in the developing brain and heart, and re-induced upon cardiac remodeling in heart disease. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infections are frequent causes of human acute myocarditis, often resulting in chronic cardiomyopath...