Seven majorly consumed brands of several teas (A1, A2, M1, M2, S, D, and C teas) were selected for the present study. In this study, the heavy metal contents including copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) were assessed in the black tea samples consumed in Iran. The content of the heavy metals in the samples was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Notably, the ...

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has been used to grow epitaxially oriented thin films of Cu and Pt on (100)-oriented substrates of both SrTiO3 and LaAlO3. The resulting films have been characterized for their crystalline orientations using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and for their surface morphologies using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The diffraction results illustrated that purely epitaxial Cu(10...

Herein, we report a facile two-step approach to produce gold-incorporated copper (Cu/Au) nanostructures through controlled disproportionation of the Cu(+)-oleylamine complex at 220 °C to form copper nanowires and the subsequent reaction with Au(3+) at different temperatures of 140, 220 and 300 °C. In comparison with copper nanowires, these bimetallic Cu/Au nanostructures exhibit their synergist...

Increasing functional complexity and dimensional compactness of electronic devices have led to progressively higher power dissipation, mainly in the form of heat. Overheating of semiconductor-based electronics has been the primary reason for their failure. Such failures originate at the interface of the heat sink (commonly Cu and Al) and the substrate (silicon) due to the large mismatch in ther...

100-nm-thick Cu layers were grown on MgO(001) substrates by ultra-high vacuum magnetron sputter deposition at substrate temperatures Ts ranging from 40 to 300 °C. X-ray diffraction ω−2θ scans, ω-rocking curves, and pole figures show that layers grown at Ts=40 and 100 °C are complete single crystals with a cube-on-cube epitaxial relationship with the substrate: (001)Cu||(001)MgO with [100]Cu||[1...

The growth of vapor-deposited films of Rh, Pd, and Pt on Cu(100) at 300 K was followed by Auger-electron and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopies. A tendency (strong for Rh, weaker for both Pd and Pt) for Cu to remain on the surface as the film grows was observed, consistent with expectations based on surface energy considerations. The much smaller difference in behavior between Pt and Pd t...

Copper (Cu) deficiency was diagnosed in a Norwegian red deer (Cervus elaphus) herd subsequent to deaths due to emaciation in late autumn 1999. The animals had free access to salt licks containing 3000 mg Cu/kg. An evaluation of the herd revealed poor calf growth rate, low weights of adult hinds, dull and light-coloured hair coats and cases of diarrhoea. The herd was subsequently monitored throu...

Titanium K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy is used to examine the local Ti environments in the sol, gel, and xerogels of titanium oxide prepared by a sol-gel method. The xerogels were prepared by heat treatment at 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 degrees C (denoted xero-200, xero-300, xero-400, xero-500, and xero-600), and the xerogels were doped with Fe(II), Ni(II), a...

The intermetallic compounds formed during the diffusion soldering of a Bi2Te2.55Se0.45 thermoelectric material with a Cu electrode are investigated. For this bonding process, Bi2Te2.55Se0.45 was pre-coated with a 1 μm Sn thin film on the thermoelectric element and pre-heated at 250 ̋C for 3 min before being electroplated with a Ni barrier layer and a Ag reaction layer. The pre-treated thermoele...