The Hon. Michael Kirby AC CMG delivered this Franz-Hermann Brüner lecture at the 16th Conference of International Investigators, in Montreux, Switzerland, on September 30, 2015. Kirby has been a Member of the Pacific Friends of the Global Fund since 2007 and is a Member of the United Nations Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Access to Essential Medicines (2015-2016). He was Justice of the...

in 1998 international guidelines on principles of ethics in medical genetics and genetic services was edited and provided by the world health organization. these principles are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficience, proportionality of beneficence and non-malificience, and justice. the world health organization considers the observance of these principles highly important and expects all membe...

It is widely assumed that causation is transitive, but putative counterexamples abound. These examples come in three varieties: switching cases, short circuit cases, and what I will call mismatch cases. In this paper I focus on the mismatch variety, which is widely taken to be the easiest to resolve. I will first introduce the cases and the existing strategy for dealing with them, then present ...

16 proportionality” which the German Constitutional Court developed in the 1950s and which since then has been treated as unwritten constitutional law in Germany. In the decades that followed the 1950s the German Constitutional Court realized that the principle of proportionality (commensurability) works like a representation of people’s moral sense and sense of justice. Therefore, the German C...

Proportional numerals like 70% and two-thirds, which express a relation between two quantities, give rise to distinct interpretations inside different constructions. In The company hired of the women, cardinality women that are is compared all (a proportional reading). on other hand, individuals reverse-proportional This paper concerned with form-meaning relations associated measurement constru...