The study area is situated within the Lut Block 50 Km northeast of Ferdows. The oldest exposed rocks are Cretaceous limestone. Kerman conglomerate cover the limestone. Dacite-rhyodacite lava and pyroclastic rocks erupted over Kerman conglomerate.  Volcanic activities took place at different time in Tertiary. The composition ranges between trachyandesite, andesite, andesite-basalt and rhyolitic ...

The Tertiary volcanic rocks in the north and west of Birjand are dacite; andesite, basaltic andesite, trachyandesite and rhyolite.They belong to calc- alkaline from magmatic series. Mineralogcal, petrographcal and geochemical evidence show that they have formed in active continental margins. Most andesites and dacites are appeared as volcanic domes or subvolcanic dykes that injected older units...

The studied area is situated in southwestern Birjand (South Khorasan). Lithologic units which are studied contains part of the late Cretaceous coloured melange, Cretaceous and Paleogen flysh sediments, Neogen congolmerate and Tertiary volcanic rocks. The listwaenite of this area often appears along fault zone, boundary of units, bedding planes and schistiosity as yellow and brownish vein. ...