Abstract The focus of this paper is on the uncertainty and controversy associated with substantial compliance standard as part strict principle in letter credit law, well possibility applying new technology to solve such problems. confirms a payment under international sales contracts contains promise from bank pay seller if they can present complying documents required credit. Thanks basic pri...

This research assessed the control mechanisms in credit management of motorcycle dealers Camarines Norte. Specific information were gathered pertaining to profile terms initial capital investment, length business operation, average annual sales, installment number employees assigned collection, and training attended by collection personnel ; employed dealers; level assessment on management; sig...

This paper reports on a detailed comparison of labour productivity in bank lending to 'middle market' or 'mid-corporate' business customers in Britain, the United States and Germany. It is based on data collected from matched samples of bank lending offices in the three countries. After standardising for average loan size, average lending output per employee-hour in the German sample is found t...

We present a general equilibrium model of intermediation designed to capture some of the key features of the modern financial system. The model incorporates financial constraints and state-contingent contracts, and captures the spillovers associated with asset fire sales during periods of stress. If a sufficiently severe shock occurs during a credit expansion, these spillovers can potentially g...

This paper deals with an optimal ordering policy for non-deteriorating item with power demand under trade credits. The shortages are allowed and combination of backlogged and lost sales. Mathematical model is developed under two different situations, i.e., case 1: the permissible delay period is less than time to finish positive inventory and case 2 trade credit period is greater than or equal ...

The projection of current investment experience in life insurance sales illustrations during the historically high interest rate environment of the 1980s in the U. S. has led to consumer dissatisfaction and lawsuits against life insurers and agents. As interest rates fell after 1985, insurers were unable to credit returns near the maximums illustrated earlier. New regulations still allow projec...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Supplier–retailer inventory system Trade credit Defective items Variable production This paper investigates an integrated inventory model with variable production rate and price-sensitive demand rate under two-level trade credit. The model considers two-level trade credit policy in which the retailer receives a full trade credit from its supplier, and offers part...

Multi-channel sales make high demands on IT infrastructures. ServiceOriented Architectures (SOAs) are to enable reusable software-based services and flexible, adaptable business processes. To realize this, the use of enterprise portal platforms is planned. The state of the art has been tested in a relevant project that focused on typical use cases of automotive credit banks in retail banking ap...

This work analyses the determinants of trade credit granted and received effect 2008 financial crisis on it. Using a sample 96,417 Portuguese SMEs from non-financial sector for period 2010–2019, we found that plays an important role in firms' financing policies. Firms with better access to market act as intermediaries grant firms have difficulty accessing credit. Moreover, use seems be substitu...