OBJECTIVES/GOALS: COPD is a progressive airways disease that results in death or disability. There poor uptake of clinical guidelines (CPG) to manage and studies bridge this implementation gap have shown inconsistent results. Using science principles we aim understand COPD-CPG determinants from providers’perspective. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study being conducted ten VA Primary Care Clinic...

objective: the effect of interleukin (il)-29, a new therapeutic agent similar to type i interferons (ifns), on ifn-α secretion of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) has not been studied. therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of il-29 on ifn-α secretion of pdcs using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in the presence of cytosine-phosphate-guanosinemotif-co...

Y-shape formation increased the immunostimulatory activity of phosphodiester (PO) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG motif. In this study, PO CpG ODN or CpG ODN containing nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate (PS) linkages, i.e., PS CpG ODN or PO CpG ODN with three PS linkages at the both ends (PS3), was mixed with two PO- or PS ODNs to prepare Y-shaped DNA (Y-DNA) containing a potent C...

Unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotide-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), which are synthetic agonists of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), activate humoral and cellular immunity and are being developed as vaccine adjuvants to prevent or treat cancers, infectious diseases, and allergies. Free CpG ODNs have been used in many clinical trials implemented to verify their effects. However, ...

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 is an endosomal receptor recognizing bacterial DNA/CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN). Blocking CpG ODN/TLR9 activity represents a strategy for therapeutic prevention of immune system overactivation. Herein, we report that a synthetic peptide (SP) representing the leucine-rich repeat 11 subdomain of the human TLR9 extracellular domain could attenuate CpG O...

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) are widely studied as promising adjuvants in vaccines against a range of diseases including infection, cancer or allergy. Conjugating antigen to CpG has been shown to potentiate the adjuvant effect via enhancing antigen uptake and danger signaling by the very same cell. In the present study, using biotinylated CpG and streptavidin as a model system, we demonstrat...

The primary target for DNA methylation in mammalian genomes is cytosine in the dinucleotide CpG. High densities of CpG dinucleotides are found in CpG islands, but paradoxically CpG islands are normally in a non-methylated state. Here, we speculate why CpG islands are immune to methylation and why they are so rich in guanine and cytosine relative to the surrounding DNA. We propose that CpG islan...

CpG repression in RNA viruses has been known for decades, but a reasonable explanation has not yet been proposed to explain this phenomenon. In this study, we calculated the CpG odds ratio of all RNA viruses that have available genome sequences and analyzed the correlation with their genome polarity, base composition, synonymous codon usage, phylogenetic relationship, and host. The results indi...

Near promoters, both nucleosomes and CpG sites form characteristic spatial patterns. Previously, nucleosome depleted regions were observed upstream of transcription start sites and nucleosome occupancy was reported to correlate both with CpG density and the level of CpG methylation. Several studies imply a causal link where CpG methylation might induce nucleosome formation, whereas others argue...

One possible alternative to the application of autologous bone grafts represents the use of autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the potency of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in combination with BMC. In 32 mini-pigs a metaphyseal critical-size defect was surgically created at the proximal tibia. The animals were allocated to four treatment gr...