According to the Montevideo Convention of 1993, requirements for founding a state are fulfilled possession people, region, government, capability relate other states, and recognition sovereignty from making it still debatable whether ISIS can be considered or belligerent organization. Islamic State Iraq Syria claim that they possess but in reality, cannot make diplomatic relations with states. ...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the direction of causality among asthma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and onset of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) after exposure to the 9/11/2001 World Trade Center (WTC) disaster. METHODS Using data from the WTC Health Registry, we investigated the effects of early diagnosed post-9/11 asthma and PTSD on the late onset and persistence of GERS...

The question of the effectiveness Anti-Money Laundering/Combating Financing Terrorism (AML/CFT) regimes countries in West Africa tackling crime, specifically Money Laundering (ML) and Terrorist (TF), is one most crucial aspects any discourse around these issues. Presently, discourses have primarily focused on describing phenomena money laundering, terrorist financing, structure individual to co...

Terrorism, political system instability and currency rate fluctuations are the three most evident issues of 21st century. In this study, comparative analysis is performed to check the impact of all these issues on PSX Volatility. EGARCH (1,1) approach is used on four different kinds of data collected from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2015. Terrorist events, FX return fluctuations with rest...

Although practitioners have mapped the alignment between IT-related standards, this work has rarely been reported in the academic literature. In particular the methods used have not been made explicit, which has limited the value of any reported results. The research described in this paper demonstrates a rigorous method for mapping the alignment between two example IT security standards. The t...

Introduction France hosted 2016 UEFA European Football Championship between June 10 and July 10. In the particular context of several terrorist attacks occurring in France in 2015 [1], the French national public health agency « Santé publique France » (formerly French Institute for Public Health Surveillance-InVS) was mandated by the Ministry of Health to reinforce health population surveillanc...

Recent events have highlighted the vulnerabilities of airports and aircraft to terrorist attack, and has led to an increased police presence at many airports. Airport policing is designed to protect airport terminals and aircraft from terrorist attack. This paper assesses the risks and cost-effectiveness of Australian Federal Police (AFP) airport counter-terrorism (CT) policing at Australian ai...

We study the effects of terrorism on political trust and national versus ethnic identification. Making use unexpected attacks by extremist group Boko Haram in Nigeria, which occurred during fieldwork a public opinion survey 2014, we show that even context weak state institutions frequent terrorist activities, terror significantly increase trust. also find reduced salience respondents' identity,...