BACKGROUND Lower-income families may face unique challenges in high-deductible health plans (HDHPs). METHODS We administered a cross-sectional survey to a stratified random sample of families in a New England health plan's HDHP with at least $500 in annualized out-of-pocket expenditures. Lower-income families were defined as having incomes that were less than 300% of the federal poverty level...

BACKGROUND Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide. We evaluated the economic burden of rotavirus and the cost-effectiveness of vaccination from the health care perspective. METHODS Estimates were based on existing epidemiological data, cost estimates, vaccine coverage, and efficacy data, as well as hypothetical vaccine prices. Outcome measures included ...

the aim of this study is to assess cost-effectiveness of infliximab, compared with conventional treatments in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (uc) in iran. we developed an analytical decision model with a 5-year-time horizon to follow up 1000 hypothetical patients, in order to estimate treatment costs and outcomes. hypothetical patients, were individuals with moderate to sev...

the effect of tillage (conventional and zero tillage), crop establishment (raised-bed and flat-bed), and weed management practices (herbicide alone and integrated approach) was studied on productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and physico-chemical properties of soil in soybean–wheat cropping system, at new delhi during 2010–2012. sixteen treatment combinations consisting of four tillage a...

A house purchase typically requires a deposit (or down-payment) and so a significant amount of cash. This paper considers the empirical implications of this borrowing constraint for the housing market. It shows that, at the aggregate level, models of the housing market that incorporate the constraint are consistent with the following stylised facts: i) a positive correlation between house price...

in this study. optimum allocation of heat transfer inventory for heat exchangers in a refrigeration system with specified power input or cooling capacity. and for a heat pump with specified heating capacity is investigated. the ratio of hot- to cold-end conductance unit cost ratio. g.was considered in the analysis as an additional variable of considerable importance to the designer summarized e...

OBJECTIVE To compare employment and income of working-age (18-64 years) people with and without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective population-based cohort study based in Manitoba, Canada, consisting of 25,554 individuals without diabetes and 608 with diabetes, of whom 242 had a complication of the disease. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of employment and income varia...